BACKGROUND Components of biological variation can be used to define objective quality specifications (imprecision, bias, and total error), to assess the usefulness of reference values [index of individuality (II)], and to evaluate significance of changes in serial results from an individual [reference change value (RCV)]. However, biological variation data on vitamins in blood are limited. The ...

CONTEXT Although vitamin deficiency is encountered infrequently in developed countries, inadequate intake of several vitamins is associated with chronic disease. OBJECTIVE To review the clinically important vitamins with regard to their biological effects, food sources, deficiency syndromes, potential for toxicity, and relationship to chronic disease. DATA SOURCES AND STUDY SELECTION We sea...

It is well established that in commercial poultry operations today there are benefits from the routine use of higher levels of vitamins in feed than recommendations published in reviews such as NRC 1994. Today’s elevated levels not only help ensure simple deficiencies are rare, but also help the bird cope with the increased stress and disease challenge of commercial production. In addition, the...

Vitamin deficiency syndromes such as scurvy and beriberi are uncommon in Western societies. However, suboptimal intake of some vitamins, above levels causing classic vitamin deficiency, is a risk factor for chronic diseases and common in the general population, especially the elderly. Suboptimal folic acid levels, along with suboptimal levels of vitamins B(6) and B(12), are a risk factor for ca...

Since 2004, the anatomical distribution of vitamins in the monkey brain, studied using immunohistochemical techniques and new tools (specific antisera that discriminate different vitamins reasonably well), has been an ongoing research field. The visualization of immunoreactive structures containing vitamins (folic acid, riboflavin, thiamine, pyridoxal, and vitamin C) has recently been reported ...

Previous studies on the associations between dietary antioxidant vitamins and the risk of cervical cancer remain inconsistent, and little evidence is available for serum antioxidant vitamins, which provide more accurate measurements of these nutrients. We conducted a case-control study of 458 incident cases with invasive cervical cancer and 742 controls to assess the effects of diet or serum an...

Vitamins maintain growth and development in humans, animals, plants. Because plants serve as essential producers of vitamins, increasing the vitamin contents has become a goal crop breeding worldwide. Here, we begin with summary functions vitamins. We then review achievements to date elucidating molecular mechanisms underlying how vitamins are synthesized, transported, regulated also stress exp...

Vitamins are essential for cellular growth and nutrition. The bioavailability of vitamins may affect the immune system’s ability to fight cancer. Research efforts investigate complex interplay vitamins, cells, cancer cells improve treatment outcomes. This review explores managing intake vitamin A, B, C, D, E, K enhance efficacy forced-atopy immunotherapy.

OBJECTIVE To test the hypothesis that a relative deficiency in L-arginine, the substrate for synthesis of the vasodilatory gas nitric oxide, may be associated with the development of pre-eclampsia in a population at high risk. DESIGN Randomised, blinded, placebo controlled clinical trial. SETTING Tertiary public hospital in Mexico City. PARTICIPANTS Pregnant women with a history of a prev...

BACKGROUND The use of dietary supplements is widespread and can contribute substantially to total nutrient intake. However, it also generates some potential risks in the case of unreasonable and excessive use of such products. OBJECTIVE To estimate the prevalence of supplementation and the vitamin supplement contribution to total intake among Warsaw population aged 20-74 years. MATERIAL AND...