Dear Editor, Scurvy, a disease of dietary ascorbic acid defi ciency, is uncommon today.1 It is occasionally described in individuals with restrictive nutrition due to psychiatric neuromuscular or developmental disorders, traditional habits, malabsorbtion syndromes or dietary defi ciency.2-4 Because of its rarity, varied clinical presentation and low index of suspicion on the part of the treatin...

Introduction: Highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) has improved outcomes for individuals infected with human immunodefi ciency virus (HIV). This study describes the causes of death in hospitalised HIV-positive patients from 2008 to 2010 in Tan Tock Seng Hospital, the national referral centre for HIV management in Singapore. Materials and Methods: Data were retrospectively collected from...

Mineral nutrients are important for the growth and development of plants and microorganisms, and are important factors in plant–disease interactions. How each nutrient affects a plant’s response to disease is unique to each plant–disease complex, and in general, nutrient–pathogen interactions are not well understood. Plant nutrients may affect disease susceptibility through plant metabolic chan...

Journal of Lipid Research Volume 53, 2012 1783 Copyright © 2012 by the American Society for Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Inc. removal of excess cholesterol from macrophages in the arterial wall and subsequent delivery to the liver for biliary excretion. Interest in the enzyme increased even further when in 1967 the fi rst family with three sisters with familial LCAT defi ciency was descr...

Poverty and associated health, nutrition, and social factors prevent at least 200 million children in developing countries from attaining their developmental potential. We review the evidence linking compromised development with modifi able biological and psychosocial risks encountered by children from birth to 5 years of age. We identify four key risk factors where the need for intervention is...

Testosterone defi ciency occurs during menopause and may be associated with the appearance of a variety of symptoms in addition to its negative effect on sexuality. In the present study, testosterone was administered in the vulval/vaginal region at a dose of 3 mg/ml dissolved in a Pentravan® emulsion (Fagron, the Netherlands) to patients with symptoms of androgen defi ciency and testosterone le...

Homocysteine is a sulfur-containing amino acid, which is synthesized from the precursor methionine through a multi-step process, and then reconverted to methionine or catabolyzed into cysteine. The presence of vitamin B9 (folic acid), vitamin B6 (pyridoxine) and vitamin B12 (cobalamin) is essential in homocysteine metabolism, wherein defi ciency of one or more of these nutrients is associated w...

Defi ciencies of Factor XI (FXID) and Uridine Monophosphate Synthase (DUMPS) are autosomal recessive inherited diseases in Holstein cattle breed. The aim of this study was to investigate whether FXI defi ciency and DUMPS alleles exist in Holstein cattle reared in Antalya region Turkey or not. 504 Holstein cows were used for this study. PCR (Polymerase Chain Reaction) was used for determination ...

DISCUSSION In cases where the surgeon would prefer to resurface a defi cient patella because the option of retaining the host would lead to maltracking, we have found this technique to be reliable, versatile and cheap to overcome the otherwise complicated scenario of patella defi ciency. It avoids the risk of fracture by reducing the amount of bone that would otherwise be resected for a traditi...