When implementing textual languages, formal grammars are commonly used to facilitate understanding languages and creating parsers. In the implementation of a diagrammatic visual programming language (VPL), this rarely happens, though graph grammars with their well– established theoretical background may be used as a natural and powerful syntax–definition formalism. Yet all graph grammar parsing...

Previous research using the chain of compound letters as letter strings in artificial grammar learning (AGL) suggested that visual saliency known as global precedence influenced the extent of learning. In this study the luminance of letter strings in the learning phase was manipulated to investigate the effect of visual input on AGL regardless of top down attention control. As a result, partici...

This paper describes an algorithm for spoken language acquisition through a human-robot interface based on speech, vision, and behavior. In this algorithm the grounded language knowledge is represented by graphical statistical models consisting of hidden Markov models and stochastic context-free grammar. The learning of the lexicon is based on the independence between speech and visual features...

From the 1990s, the multimodal turn in discourse studies makes multimodal discourse analysis a popular topic in linguistics and communication studies. An important approach to applying Systemic Functional Linguistics to non-verbal modes is Visual Grammar initially proposed by Kress and van Leeuwen (1996). Considering that commercial advertisement is an indispensable part of the modern society t...

The authors discuss contemporary visual art, its creation processes and their implementation in art education primary secondary/grammar school. Changing the paradigm of studying from “fine to arts” within is a process itself. Visual which involves participatory new media also concerned with that establish unique relationships between subjects effect on real life participants or audience. It no ...

Drawing is a fundamental aspect of human communicative expression, and sequential images have been used to convey information since at least cave paintings. However, only until recently has increased research turned towards studying the cognition of visual narratives—especially those found in comics. The most examined question about visual narratives has asked: How do readers make meaning out o...

Visual families are seen as sets of artifacts that share common visual features allowing one to intuitively classify them as belonging to the same family. An evolutionary approach for the creation of such families of shapes, where each genotype encodes a visual language by means of a nondeterministic grammar is explored.

A graph grammar is a generative description of a graph language (a possibly infinite set of graphs). In this paper, we present a novel algorithm for inducing a graph grammar from a given set of ‘positive’ and ‘negative’ graphs. The algorithm is guaranteed to produce a grammar that can generate all of the positive and none of the negative input graphs. Driven by a heuristic specific-to-general s...

Abstract A ‘universal grammar’ for the full spectrum of visualization types is discussed. The grammar enables analysis any type regarding its syntactic constituents, such as visual encodings and components that are used. Such an a visualization, describing compositional syntax, can be represented specification tree. Colour coded tree branches between constituent enforce combination rules visual...