introduction visual skills are one of the main pillars of intangible faculties of athletes that can influence their performance. great number of vision tests used to assess the visual skills and it will be irrational to perform all vision tests for every sport. objectives the purpose of this protocol article is to present a relatively comprehensive battery of tests and assessments on static and...

purpose: to determine stereopsis with local (titmus) and global (tno) tests in symptomatic and asymptomatic subjects according to induced disparity (crossed or uncrossed). methods: in this cross sectional study, 80 students of zahedan university of medical sciences who fulfilled the inclusion criteria were randomly selected. at first, refractive error was determined by retinoscopy and then base...

Congenital colour vision defects affect about 8% and 0.5% of the male and female population, respectively. Pseudoisochromatic Ishihara plates have shown to be successful in an early diagnosis of colour vision defects. This commonly used colour vision test was initially intended to identify those who suffered from red-green aspect of congenital colour blindness; however, it may be of use to reve...