We used STM to observe visible light photo-oxidation reactions of formic acid on the ordered lattice-work structure of a TiO(2)(001) surface for the first time. The nanostructured surface makes the band gap significantly smaller than 3.0 eV only at the surface layer, and the surface state of the crystal enables a visible light response.

We propose to use low-cost optics equipment in order to (1) generate a Hertzsprung-Russell diagram for the 24 brightest stars visible in Beaumont, (2) analyze the polarization of stellar and solar light and the effect a telescope's optics have on these measurements, and (3) analyze the absorption spectrum due to Earth’s atmosphere on the Sun’s blackbody radiation spectrum.

We describe stable intercalation compounds of the composition xN(2)·WO(3) (x = 0.034-0.039), formed by trapping N(2) in WO(3). The incorporation of N(2) significantly reduced the absorption threshold of WO(3); notably, 0.039N(2)·WO(3) anodes exhibited photocurrent under illumination at wavelengths ≤640 nm with a faradaic efficiency for O(2) evolution in 1.0 M HClO(4)(aq) of nearly unity. Spectr...

The reduction of silver from an aqueous solution on BiFeO₃ surfaces, activated by visible light, was investigated as a function of crystal and ferroelectric domain orientation. When excited by light with energy between 2.53 and 2.70 eV, BiFeO₃ photochemically reduces silver cations from solution in patterns corresponding to the underlying ferroelectric domain structure. Silver is preferentially...

Colloidal systems offer unique opportunities for the study of phase formation and structure since their characteristic length scales are accessible to visible light. As a model system the two-dimensional assembly of colloidal magnetic and non-magnetic particles dispersed in a ferrofluid (FF) matrix is studied by transmission optical microscopy. We present a method to statistically evaluate imag...

Solar fuel generation requires the efficient capture and conversion of visible light. In both natural and artificial systems, molecular sensitizers can be tuned to capture, convert, and transfer visible light energy. We demonstrate that a series of metal-free porphyrins can drive photoelectrochemical water splitting under broadband and red light (λ > 590 nm) illumination in a dye-sensitized TiO...

We investigate photochromic molecular switches that are self-assembled on gold. We use two experimental techniques; namely, the mechanically controllable break-junction technique to measure electronic transport, and UV/Vis spectroscopy to measure absorption. We observe switching of the molecules from the conducting to the insulating state when illuminated with visible light (lambda=546 nm), in ...

External control over self-assembling structures is achieved by incorporating an azobenzene photoswitch into the structure of a dichromonyl compound. The self-assembly of dichromonyl compounds into fibers leads to the formation of a hydrogel and can be triggered with visible light.

Wear of microfilled composites, a visible light-cured composite, and a conventional composite were characterized by two-body abrasion and single-pass sliding. There were differences in abrasion rates among the materials. Tangential forces, wear track widths, and surface failure modes were different among materials. Wear characteristics are combinations of these properties.