Visceral leishmaniasis (VL) is an intracellular parasitic infection that infects and multiplies in the macrophages of the liver, spleen and bone marrow. It is characterized by intermittent fever, hepatosplenomegaly, pancytopenia and hypergammaglobulinemia. Anemia of multifactorial etiology is a usual manifestation of VL; however, Coombs positive hemolytic anemia has been infrequently reported i...

Visceral leishmaniasis (also known as kala-azar) is classified as one of the most neglected tropical diseases. It is becoming a growing health problem in Ethiopia, with endemic areas that are continually spreading. The annual burden of visceral leishmaniasis (VL) in Ethiopia is estimated to be between 4,500 and 5,000 cases, and the population at risk is more than 3.2 million. There has been a c...

Visceral leishmaniasis (VL) is a life-threatening infection caused by Leishmania species. In addition to typical clinical findings as fever, hepatosplenomegaly, and cachexia, VL is associated with autoimmune phenomena. To date, VL mimicking or exacerbating various autoimmune diseases have been described, including systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), rheumatoid arthritis, and autoimmune hepatiti...

The peripheral blood smear is an easy method for the diagnosis of symptomatic visceral leishmaniasis (VL) in human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1)-infected patients. However, its efficiency in diagnosing subclinical VL remains unknown. In this study, Leishmania amastigotes were seen in blood smears from 1 of 13 HIV-1-positive individuals with subclinical VL. This shows that this procedure...

Visceral leishmaniasis (VL) is a chronic debilitating disease prevalent in tropical and subtropical regions, caused by protozoan parasites of the genus Leishmania. Annually, it approximated occurrence 0.2 to 0.4 million novel cases worldwide. The cast film method was used prepared cationic mannosylated liposomes. surface Amphotericin B (Amp B)-bearing multilamellar liposomes covalently coupled ...

Visceral leishmaniasis (VL), also known as kala-azar (black fever in Hindi), is a disease primarily caused by Leishmania donovani. The most important clinical manifestation of visceral fever. Nonspecific laboratory findings include anemia, neutropenia, eosinopenia, and thrombocytopenia. Definitive diagnosis requires the demonstration either parasite smear or tissue culture (usually bone marrow ...

Miltefosine is the only recognized oral agent with potential to treat leishmaniasis. Miltefosine had demonstrated very good cure rates for visceral leishmaniasis (VL) in India, Nepal, and Bangladesh, but high rates of clinical failures have been recently reported. Moderate efficacy has been observed for VL in East Africa, whereas data from Mediterranean countries and Latin America are scarce. R...

The first autochthonous case of visceral leishmaniasis (VL) in Sri Lanka was reported in 2007 [1], more than a decade after the first report of autochthonous cutaneous leishmaniasis (CL) in 1992 [2]. Since 2007 only three endemic patients with confirmed VL was reported from the country (two from the Anuradhapura district), and the current report is on the third patient (from the Vavuniya distri...

Visceral leishmaniasis (VL) or kala-azar is an endemic parasitic disease caused predominantly, in its Mediterranean type, by Leishmania infantum. Fever and splenomegaly are the most common clinical manifestations, detected in more than 80% of patients. We present two cases with atypical manifestations, without fever and with spleen nodules in the context of an outbreak of VL in Spain.

Visceral leishmaniasis (VL) is endemic in the island of São Luis, State of Maranhão, Brazil. Despite an increase in the number of VL cases, the frequency of the disease is low among pregnant women. We present here the case of a pregnant woman followed up by our group, who was treated with amphotericin B with excellent outcome.