Two lumped parameter watershed scale hydrology and water quality models (WATGIS and QUALGIS) which describe the nitrogen loadings at the’outlet of coastal plain watersheds were examined with respect to their accuracy and uncertainty of model results. Latin Hypercube Sampling (LHS) was applied to determine the impact of uncertainty in estimating field exports and decay coefficients on the uncert...

iran’s industry has had a considerable number of difficulties to perform so well as was expected in the post – revolutionary era. unfavorable legal, political environments combined with eight –year imposed war may be singled out as the root causes of such performances. however, this paper argues that our industry’s lack of realization of its dire need to adapt to the emerging unprecedented envi...

The virtual water strategy which advocates importing water intensive products and exporting products with low water intensity is gradually accepted as one of the options for solving water crisis in severely water scarce regions. However, if we count the virtual water embodied in imported products as the water saved for a region, we might overestimate the saving by including the virtual water th...

Water footprints and virtual water flows have been promoted as important indicators to characterize human-induced water consumption. However, environmental impacts associated with water consumption are largely neglected in these analyses. Incorporating water scarcity into water consumption allows better understanding of what is causing water scarcity and which regions are suffering from it. In ...

his study examined the long-run relationship between Nigerian exports and imports between 1960 and 2014. Exports and imports were disaggregated into oil and non-oil components. The application of the Johansen, Bound testing and the Hansen parameter instability test cointegration techniques revealed that Nigerian exports and imports at the aggregate and disaggregated level are cointegrated with ...

introduction: water scarcity has become a global issue due to its direct relationship with food security. for this reason, the need for the long-term sustainable use of water necessitates the application of effective strategies. in this regard, strategic programs are utilized in water resource management and agricultural policies in order to increase self-sufficiency, to reduce the food gap, to...

This paper analyses China’s ICT exports growth in its two major markets Japan and the US from 1992 to 2004. It focuses on ICT products classified in SITC 75, 76 and 77. The empirical results show that Chinese exports had maintained two-digit annual growth during the period. The growth was much higher than the corresponding growth of the overall markets. By 2004, Chinese ICT exports accounted fo...

The current trade of agricultural goods, with connections involving all continents, entails for global exchanges of "virtual" water, i.e. water used in the production process of alimentary products, but not contained within. Each trade link translates into a corresponding virtual water trade, allowing quantification of import and export fluxes of virtual water. The assessment of the virtual wat...