Inferring disease transmission networks is important in epidemiology in order to understand and prevent the spread of infectious diseases. Reconstruction of the infection transmission networks requires insight into viral genome data as well as social interactions. For the HIV-1 epidemic, current research either uses genetic information of patients' virus to infer the past infection events or us...

The cellular entry of viruses represents a critical area of study, not only for viral tropism, but also because viral entry dictates the nature of the immune response elicited upon infection. Epidemic keratoconjunctivitis (EKC), caused by viruses within human adenovirus species D (HAdV-D), is a severe, ocular surface infection associated with corneal inflammation. Clathrin-mediated endocytosis ...

Japanese encephalitis (JE) is an inflammatory disease in the central nervous system including cerebrum, cerebellum, and spinal cord caused by viral infection transmitted by Culex mosquitoes. JE is an important disease in East, Southeast, and South Asia, which lead to serious complication and high mortality rate. Complete cure is shown in only one third of the patients. However the ratio of symp...

The dynamics of viral shedding and symptoms following influenza virus infection are key factors when considering epidemic control measures. The authors reviewed published studies describing the course of influenza virus infection in placebo-treated and untreated volunteers challenged with wild-type influenza virus. A total of 56 different studies with 1,280 healthy participants were considered....

There is an epidemic of obesity starting about 1980 in both developed and undeveloped countries definitely associated with multiple etiologies. About 670 million people worldwide are obese. The incidence of obesity has increased in all age groups, including children. Obesity causes numerous diseases and the interaction between genetic, metabolic, social, cultural and environmental factors are p...

Despite having a relatively low prevalence in the Iranian general population, the burden of hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection is on the rise, and hepatitis C is predicted to be the most important leading cause of viral hepatitis-related mortality in the near future in Iran. The recent population-based epidemiological studies have revealed the predominant role of injecting drug use in increasing...

Abstract Maize lethal necrosis (MLN) is a devastating disease of maize caused by synergistic infection with chlorotic mottle virus (MCMV) and at least one potyvirid (e.g., sugarcane mosaic virus, SCMV). MLN results in leaf necrosis, premature aging, even whole plant death can cause up to 100% losses yield. has emerged worldwide resulted serious loss production. Over the past decade, extensive r...

Porcine epidemic diarrhea virus (PEDV) spread rapidly after being diagnosed in the USA in April 2013. In this study we assessed whether PEDV could become airborne and if so, whether the virus was infectious. Air samples were collected both from a room containing experimentally infected pigs and at various distances from the outside of swine farms experiencing acute PEDV outbreaks. Results indic...

The clinical aspects of SARS-CoV-2 infection, as well the COVID-19 vaccines’ safety, efficacy and effectiveness in pediatric patients with asthma, are crucial to adapting management this fragile population for prevention strategies. aim narrative review was evaluate impact infection children asthma vaccination. Systematic research using principal medical databases conducted specific search quer...

We are currently investigating two aspects of the paramyxovirus fusion (F): i) the relevance of proteolytic cleavage for protein activation and ii) the significance of specific amino acid changes for resistance to peptides that correspond to heptad repeat B sequences. On the one hand, whereas most paramyxovirus F proteins are cleaved only once during maturation, the respiratory syncytial virus ...