viral hepatitis, as an international public health concern, seriously affects communities and health system. in recent years, great strides have been taken for development of new potential tools against viral hepatitis. among these efforts, a valuable strategy introduced new molecules called “aptamers”. aptamers as potential alternatives for antibodies could be directed against any protein in i...

Viral hepatitis has not received the level of attention that it warrants. However, the global picture began to change in May, 2010, when the World Health Assembly adopted its fi rst resolution on viral hepatitis. Recent data clearly show the magnitude of the challenge. Hepatitis A and E together caused more than 34 million cases of illness in 2005. According to Global Burden of Disease estimate...

background more than two billion people have been exposed to hepatitis b virus (hbv) worldwide. furthermore, four hundred million of them are infected with chronic hbv infection. the predominant mutation of the precore region involves a g to a change at nucleotide1896, which creates a premature stop codon at codon 28. two mutations of a1762t and g1764a are reported as the most prevalent mutatio...

background: serial measurement of  hepatitis b virus (hbv) dna levels in the liver and its relation with liver damage and serum hbv dna levels are guide to begin and/or end a treatment course. this study evaluated the relationship between liver hepatitis b dna viral load with liver histology in patients with chronic hepatitis b (hbv). methods:  thirty patients with chronic anti-hbe positive hep...

background: viral load and alanine aminotransferase (alt) levels may not be the key points for making a decision in the treatment of anti-hbe positive chronic hepatitis b. the purpose of this study was to assess the histological evaluation of liver to find the need for treatment on 72 patients with anti-hbe positive chronic hepatitis b. methods: the liver biopsy slides of the 72 patients (56 su...

background diagnosis and control programs for infectious diseases among immigrants are the most important aspects of epidemiological studies for both origin and destination countries. data about hepatitis b virus (hbv) infection among the afghan immigrants in iran is limited. objectives to the best of hbv treatment and prevention in afghan immigrants in iran, the present study was conducted to ...

Hepatitis viruses (HAV, HBV, HCV, HDV and HEV) are attributed to a wide spectrum of acute and chronic liver diseases, including carcinomas. Worldwide, >250 million become chronically infected by HBV and ~150 million by HCV every year. Though, new hepatotropic viruses, such as HGV, GBV, TTV and SENV are identified in chronic liver diseases, thousands still suffer of unknown etiology. Despite a p...

Emerging Infectious Diseases Vol. 7, No. 3 Supplement, June 2001 562 A discussion of adventitious agents and vaccines is pertinent in the context of emerging infectious diseases. Many novel vaccines are produced in animal cell substrates, and emerging infectious diseases may theoretically be transmitted from animals to humans through these vaccines. The challenge of identifying potential advent...

The innate immune system has a role not only in protecting the host during the initial period of virus infection, but also in shaping the nature of the adaptive immune response. In this review, we follow the kinetics of the virologic and immunologic events occurring from the time of hepatitis B virus (HBV) and hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection. We primarily discuss how the early events after in...