Antivenom raised against the venom of nose-horned viper, Vipera ammodytes (V. a.) ammodytes (European viper venom antiserum, Zagreb antivenom), contains neutralising equine F(ab')₂ fragments that are clinically successful against homologous venom, but also against the venoms of several others medically important European snakes due to its paraspecific action. In this work we demonstrated that Z...

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The article examines the ecological and biological significance of action animal poisons as an evolutionary adaptation that maximizes more than 250,000 species to conditions their habitat. It was found have a significant impact on formation course various forms connections in ecosystems, perform several functions are important biotic factors environment. best-studied venomous animals been be sn...

Our studies of the venom from the Levantine viper Vipera lebetina have demonstrated the existence of both coagulants and anticoagulants in the same venom. We showed that V. lebetina venom contains: (1) proteases that degrade fibrinogen, but not fibrin; (2) fibrinolytic enzyme (lebetase); (3) factor X activator (VLFXA); (4) factor V activator (VLFVA). Fibrinolytic enzyme and VLFXA are metallopro...

During the generation of abundant expressed sequence tags from the Viperidae snake Bothrops insularis venom glands, we identified for the first time a cDNA coding for a putative vascular endothelial growth factor-like (VEGF-like) protein. The deduced primary sequence, after complete sequencing of the longest snake venom VEGF (svVEGF) cDNA, displayed similarity with vertebrate VEGFs and with the...

The observation that snake venoms are able to hydrolyze thymus and yeast nucleic acids was first made by Delezenne and Morel (1) in 1919. This discovery remained practically forgotten until 1945 when Gulland and Walsh (2) employed the nuclease in the venom of Vipera russelli in studying the composition of yeast ribonucleic acid. The presence of nucleases in snake venoms assumes a r61e of great ...