one of the most important operations in managed gardens is pruned grapes. for evaluate the effect of pruning short, medium, heavy on yield and yield components of taif grapes, before and after the cold winter, in the years 2012 to 2013, a factorial experiment in a crbd design with five replicates were performed on two factors. the first factor was the number of buds per stem and included the th...

Seven citrus orchards on reduced to no pesticide spray programs were sampled for Thysanoptera in central and south central Florida. Inner and outer canopy leaves, fruits, twigs, trunk scrapings, vines and ground cover plants were sampled monthly between January 1995 and January 1996. Thirty-six species of thrips were identified from 2,979 specimens collected from within citrus tree canopies and...

Types of xylem histology in vines, rather than types of cambial activity and xylem conformation, form the focus of this survey. Scandent plants are high in conductive capability, but therefore have highly vulnerable hydrosystems; this survey attempts to see what kinds of adaptations exist for safety and in which taxa. A review of scandent dicotyledons reveals that a high proportion possesses va...

Grapevine leafroll disease (GLD) is considered to be one of the most economically destructive viral diseases of grapevines worldwide, resulting in reduced vine vigor, yield reductions, and poor fruit quality. Five pathogens (grapevine leafroll-associated viruses) are recognized as causal agents of this disease, of which Grapevine leafroll-associated virus 3 (GLRaV-3) is the most common. Althoug...

Although, grapevines do not have a high chilling requirement, its fulfillment is critical for normal development of the vines. In tropical and subtropical regions such as Farrashband, in the south of Iran, there is no adequate winter chilling to release bud dormancy in grapevines. So it is necessary to consider the effect of chemical dormancy–breaking agents on bud dormancy. In the present rese...

ABSTRACT The genome of Grapevine leafroll-associated virus-5 (GLRaV-5) was cloned, and the sequence of 4766 nt was determined. Degenerate oligonucleotide primers designed from the conserved closterovirus heat shock 70 protein (HSP 70) homologue were used to obtain viral-specific sequences to anchor the cloning of the viral RNA with a genomic walking approach. The partial nucleotide (nt) sequenc...