Abstract The invasive vine black swallowwort [ Vincetoxicum nigrum (L.) Moench = Cynanchum louiseae Kartesz & Gandhi, Apocynaceae] is difficult to control, and herbicide studies are lacking. This long-lived perennial species primarily found in high-light environments natural areas cropping systems northeastern North America. We conducted a 3-yr efficacy study, with or without mowing, an old...