INTRODUCTION A T1map is required for some quantitative MR imaging applications. In dynamic contrast-enhanced (DCE) MRI, a T1map obtained before contrast agent administration allows us to convert image intensity into gadolinium concentration. Spoiled gradientrecalled echo (SPGR) sequence with variable flip angle (VFA) method has been widely used to construct T1map. However, in our mouse DCE-MRI ...

Eight ruminally cannulated Holstein bull calves were used in a switchback design to evaluate effects of hay on postprandial changes in ruminal pH, ammonia and VFA, blood ketones, and plasma glucose, NEFA, VFA, and urea N. Calves were fed 4.5 kd/d of calf starter with or without hay for ad libitum consumption. Blood and ruminal fluid were sampled every 2 h for 12 h on d 21 (periods 1 and 2) or d...

Batch culture fermentations were used to determine the effects of avoparcin, lasalocid, monensin, narasin, salinomycin, thiopeptin, tylosin, virginiamycin, monensin + tylosin combination, and two new ionophore compounds (RO22-6924/004 and RO21-6447/009) on lactic acid and volatile fatty acid (VFA) production. Ruminal fluid from cattle fed a high alfalfa hay diet was incubated with glucose for 1...

Sansone, F.J. and Martens, C.S., 1981. Determination of volatile fatty acid turnover rates in organic-rich marine sediments. Mar. Chern., 10: 233-247. Volatile fatty acid (VFA) apparent turnover rates in organic-rich marine sediments were determined by measuring whole sediment VFA concentration and the corresponding first­ order reaction rate constants. In order to measure VFA concentrations, b...

Laboratory batch experiments were conducted, at room temperature, to investigate ways of optimising the performance of primary sludge acidogenic fermentation systems, used at four major Johannesburg waste-water treatment plants. Retention time, seeding, solids concentration and mixing were found to be important variables governing volatile fatty acid (VFA) production. At least 75% of the potent...

A control law based on fuzzy logic features was developed and validated for an anaerobic wastewater treatment (AWT) process. The controlled variable was the concentration of Volatile Fatty Acids (VFA) in the anaerobic reactor and the manipulated variable was the input flow rate. In order to use it as the input in a Mamdani-inference fuzzy set, the controlled variable was treated using an algori...

The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of salinomycin (SL) and feeding on whole body glucose kinetics in sheep fed a high-concentrate diet (25% orchardgrass hay and 75% commercial concentrate). Four adult sheep were fed the diet with or without 20 mg x kg(-1) diet of SL once daily for each 3 wk. The rates of glucose entry and utilization were determined before and during 3 h after...

Confined animal feeding operations can be a source of odor emissions, global warming gases, water pollution, and food contamination. Laboratory studies have indicated that plant oils with antimicrobial activity can be used to control pathogens and odor emissions from cattle and swine wastes. However, these oils are aromatic and may volatilize when applied topically. Our objectives were to evalu...

Volatile fatty acids (VFAs) are produced in the human colon by the bacterial breakdown of carbohydrates that escape digestion and absorption in the small intestine. They have important local and systemic effects on gastrointestinal and nutritional functions. Measuring their production is difficult because of inaccessibility of sampling sites and low circulating concentrations. Stable isotope tr...

This work describes the production of polyhydroxyalkanoates (PHA) as a side stream process on a municipal waste water treatment plant (WWTP) and a subsequent analysis of the production potential in Germany and the European Union (EU). Therefore, tests with different types of sludge from a WWTP were investigated regarding their volatile fatty acids (VFA) production-potential. Afterwards, primary...