Vesicoureteral reflux (VUR) is the retrograde flow of urine from the bladder into the ureter. A normally functioning ureteral vesical junction (UVJ) allows for the smooth expulsion of urine from the ureter into the bladder without regurgitation of urine back up the ureter, either during bladder filling or upon voiding, If this valvular mechanism fails, from whatever etiology, urine flowing back...

BACKGROUND Endoscopic correction of vesicoureteral reflux (VUR) in children offers minimally invasive management and is widely used as a first-line procedure for all grades of reflux. However, there is debate about which tissue-augmenting substance is the best to use. The aim of this study was to evaluate the efficacy of two bulking substances, Deflux (Dx/HA) and Vantris (PPC), for endoscopic t...

Congenital anomalies of the kidney and urinary tract (CAKUT) are the most common cause of chronic kidney disease in children. This disease group includes a spectrum of urinary tract defects including vesicoureteral reflux, duplex kidneys and other developmental defects that can be found alone or in combination. To identify new regulators of CAKUT, we tested the genetic cooperativity between sev...

Voiding cystourethrograms (VCUG) are often considered in the evaluation of infants with febrile urinary tract infection (UTI), but there few additional clear indications for performing them outside recurrent UTI itself. Hydronephrosis and scarring on kidney ultrasound (US) included several guidelines from consensus organizations, including those American Academy Pediatrics (AAP), National Insti...

BACKGROUND Vesicoureteral reflux (VUR) is a common abnormality of the urinary tract in childhood. OBJECTIVES As urine enters the ureters and renal pelvis during voiding in vesicoureteral reflux (VUR), we hypothesized that change in body water composition before and after voiding may be less different in children with VUR. PATIENTS AND METHODS Patients were grouped as those with VUR (Group 1...

INTRODUCTION Procalcitonin is a reliable and specific marker of bacterial infections such as urinary tract infection. Some authors suggest measurement of serum procalcitonin as a predictor of vesicoureteral reflux (VUR). We investigated this association in children admitted because of acute pyelonephritis. MATERIALS AND METHODS Forty-eight children with the first febrile urinary tract infecti...

The aim of this study was to evaluate the clinical results of patients with vesicoureteral reflux, which were treated with subureteral injection of small-size (80-120 μm) dextranomer/hyaluronic acid copolymer (Dx/HA). Data of 75 children (105 renal units) who underwent STING procedure with small-size Dx/HA for the treatment of vesicoureteral reflux (VUR) in our clinic between 2008 and 2012 were...

The endoscopic injection of vesicoureteric orifices with synthetic or natural materials is a widely recognized method of treating vesicoureteral reflux (VUR). The aim of this study is to present two cases of clinically significant complications following the use of dextranomer/hyaluronic acid copolymer, which led to the progression of the reflux degree, permanent infection of the urinary tract,...

The endoscopic injection of Dx/HA in the management of vesicoureteral reflux (VUR) has become an accepted alternative to open surgery. In the current study we evaluated the value of cystography to detect de novo contralateral VUR in unilateral cases of VUR at the time of Dx/HA injection and correlated the findings of immediate post-Dx/HA injection cystography during the same anesthesia to 2-mon...

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES The main objectives of the Randomized Intervention for Children with Vesicoureteral Reflux (RIVUR) trial were to evaluate the role of antimicrobial prophylaxis in the prevention of recurrent urinary tract infection (UTI) and renal scarring in children with vesicoureteral reflux (VUR). We present a comprehensive evaluation of renal scarring outcomes in RIVUR trial parti...