Positive-strand RNA viruses depend on intensive manipulation of subcellular organelles and membranes to create unique viral replication (VROs), which represent the sites robust virus replication. The host endomembrane-based protein-trafficking vesicle-trafficking pathways are specifically targeted by many (+)RNA take advantage their rich resources. We summarize critical roles co-opted endoplasm...

Plant cytokinesis, the final event of cell division, generates two daughter cells by partitioning the cytoplasm of a mother cell. This depends on targeted secretion to generate a new plasma membrane (PM; Whaley and Mollenhauer, 1963; Samuels et al., 1995; Jurgens, 2005a, 2005b). Plant cells control cytokinesis by constructing a plant-specific cytoskeletal configuration, the phragmoplast (Zhang ...

Synaptic vesicle recycling is essential for maintaining neurotransmission during rhythmic activity. To test whether the demands imposed by ambient activity influences synaptic vesicle trafficking, we compared the kinetics of synaptic depression in hippocampal versus neocortical cultures, which have high and low levels of intrinsic activity, respectively. In response to moderate 10 Hz stimulatio...

Genes located on chromosome 21, over-expressed in Down syndrome (DS) and Alzheimer's disease (AD) and which regulate vesicle trafficking, are strong candidates for involvement in AD neuropathology. Regulator of calcineurin activity 1 (RCAN1) is one such gene. We have generated mutant mice in which RCAN1 is either over-expressed (RCAN1(ox)) or ablated (Rcan1-/-) and examined whether exocytosis f...

BACKGROUND Phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate (PIP(2)) has been implicated in the regulation of the actin cytoskeleton and vesicle trafficking. It stimulates de novo actin polymerization by activating the pathway involving the Wiskott-Aldrich syndrome protein (WASP) and the actin-related protein complex Arp2/3. Other studies show that actin polymerizes from cholesterol-sphingolipid-rich memb...

The effect of angiotensin II (ANG II) or arginine vasopressin (AVP) alone or plus atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP) on H-ATPase subcellular vesicle trafficking was investigated in MDCK cells following intracellular pH (pHi) acidification by exposure to 20 mM NH4Cl for 2 min in a Na-free solution containing Schering 28080, conditions under which H-ATPase is the only cell mechanism for pHi recover...

In eukaryotes, vesicle trafficking is regulated by the small monomeric GTPases of the Rab protein family. Rab11, (a subfamily of the Ypt/Rab gene family) an evolutionarily conserved, ubiquitously expressed subfamily of small monomeric Rab GTPases, has been implicated in regulating vesicular trafficking through the recycling of endosomal compartment. In an earlier communication, we have shown th...

Vesicle trafficking plays an important role in cell division, establishment of cell polarity, and translation of environmental cues to developmental responses. However, the molecular mechanisms regulating vesicle trafficking remain poorly understood. Here, we report that the evolutionarily conserved caspase-related protease separase (extra spindle poles [ESP]) is required for the establishment ...