Eye-tracking findings suggest people prefer to ground their spoken language comprehension by focusing on recently seen events more than anticipating future events: When the verb in NP1-VERB-ADV-NP2 sentences was referentially ambiguous between a recently depicted and an equally plausible future clipart action, listeners fixated the target of the recent action more often at the verb than the obj...

Purpose This study investigated the production of tense and subject–verb agreement in Palestinian Arabic–speaking children with developmental language disorder (DLD) comparison to their typically developing (TD) peers terms (a) performance accuracy (b) error patterns. Method Participants were 14 DLD aged 4;0–7;10 32 TD 3;0–8;0 matched on nonverbal abilities. Children asked complete a picture-ba...

PURPOSE Hungarian is a null-subject language with both agglutinating and fusional elements in its verb inflection system, and agreement between the verb and object as well as between the verb and subject. These characteristics make this language a good test case for alternative accounts of the grammatical deficits of children with language impairment (LI). METHOD Twenty-five children with LI ...

Verb inflection errors, often seen in agrammatic aphasic speech, have been attributed to either impaired encoding of diacritical features that specify tense and aspect, or to impaired affixation during phonological encoding. In this study we examined the effect of semantic markedness, word form frequency and affix frequency, as well as accuracy and error patterns, in an attempt to evaluate whet...

This paper presents the analysis process of verb temporality using Reichenbach’s tense system, a language-independent system which describes tense as relations among linguistic and extralinguistic temporal entities. Several difficulties arise from the deep analysis required for classification into Reichenbach’s categories. They regard establishing the logical sequence of clauses in the skeletal...

Langendoen (1977) advanced an argument against English being a context-free language involving cross-serial subject-verb agreement in respectively constructions such as (1). (1) The man and the women dances and sing, respectively. As noted by Pullum and Gazdar (1982), however, and acknowledged subsequently by Langendoen (personal communication), such examples are unacceptable, and the argument ...

Some features of the morphology of Swahili are discussed from the point of view of mechanizing a dictionary. A preliminary program is described. To the best of my knowledge, no work has previously been carried out on the mechanical translation of any Bantu language. This note is therefore a first suggestion of a possible basis for a scheme for the mechanical translation of Swahili into English....

Usually writing teachers feel commitment to provide their learners with corrective feedback (CF) to their linguistic errors. The study investigated whether two types of written corrective feedback, indirect focused corrective feedback and indirect unfocused corrective feedback, produced differential effects on the accurate use of grammatical forms by high intermediate EFL learners. In this stud...

In this paper I discuss the properties of tense as a grammatical feature, understood as a set of values and the methods of their realization on linguistic elements. I outline the criteria for recognizing various featural dependencies: agreement, government, and different types of multirepresentation of a feature value in a domain. I examine more closely three instances of tense-aspect-mood-pola...