A ll around the world, in both the public and private sectors, retirement plans are shifting away from “defined benefit” plans toward “defined contribution” plans. Poterba, Venti, and Wise (2006), for example, followed the cohort of Americans who were 45 years old in 1984 and report a decrease in defined benefit plan coverage from about 40 percent to 20 percent and a corresponding increase in d...

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Chest optimization, an evidence-based p rotocolguided multimodal chest physio therapy con sisting of bo dy positioning, sputu m mobilization, bronchodilation, an d lu ng hyperinflation, may be ro utinely adm inistered to venti latordependent patients with low cervical spinal cord injury (CSCI) for i mproving p ulmonary fu nctional o utcomes that facilitate weaning from mechanical ventilation. W...

This paper examines the correlation between poor health and asset accumulation for households in the first nine waves of the Health and Retirement Survey. Rather than enumerating the specific costs of poor health, such as out of pocket medical expenses or lost earnings, we estimate how the evolution of household assets is related to poor health. We construct a simple measure of health status ba...

Education is strongly related to participation in the Social Security Disability Insurance (DI) program. To explore this relationship, we describe the correlation between education and DI participation, and then explore how four factors related to education – health, wealth, occupation, and employment –feature in this correlation. We label these four factors “pathway” variables. We find that a ...

This paper examines the correlation between poor health and asset accumulation for households in the first nine waves of the Health and Retirement Survey. Rather than enumerating the specific costs of poor health, such as out of pocket medical expenses or lost earnings, we estimate how the evolution of household assets is related to poor health. We construct a simple measure of health status ba...

Weeds are one group of pests that significantly reduce crop yields and qualities, while herbicide use poses a risk to human health environment. Weed seed predation has been identified as potential biocontrol approach offering sustainable weed management. It causes substantial losses on species in fields, thus may result reduction use. This study aimed investigate the relevant patterns important...

I N THE past many different methods have been employed for the direct sampling of alveolar air. A sound criticism of the validity of the technique has usually been futile since one was at loss to define or determine mean alveolar composition. The ease with which alveolar air composition can be altered by the slightest change in ventilation is very impressive and makes one aware of the possibili...