Previous research by Rachman and de Silva (1978, Behaviour Research and Therapy, 16, 233-248) and by Salkovskis and Harrison (1984, Behaviour Research and Therapy, 22, 549-552) has shown that abnormal and normal obsessions are similar in content. The present study examined whether the same is true for abnormal and normal rituals. A sample of normal subjects (N = 150) were asked about their idio...

This study proposes that performative rituals-that is, verbal and physical acts that reiterate prior uses-enabled medieval women and men to negotiate the dangers and difficulties of conception and childbirth. It analyzes the rituals implicated in charms, prayers, amulets, and prayer rolls and traces the circulation of such rituals within medieval English society. Manuscript records from the Ang...

TEIZO OGAWA (editor), History of obstetrics (Proceedings of the Seventh International Symposium on the Comparative History of Medicine-East and West), Tokyo, Division of Medical History, Taniguchi Foundation, 1984, 8vo, pp. viii, 283, illus., [no price stated]. ANN OAKLEY, The captured womb. A history of the medical care of pregnant women, Oxford, Basil Blackwell, 1984, 8vo, pp. x, 351, illus.,...

Mathematics represents a high level of abstraction attained by the human mind. In India, Mathematics has its roots in Vedic literature which is nearly 4000 years old. Between 1000 B.C. and 1000 A.D. various treatises on Mathematics were authored by Indian mathematicians in which were set forth for the first time, the concept of zero, the techniques of Algebra and algorithm, square root and cube...

this paper portrays for the design of an area efficient 4×4 Vedic Multiplier by using Vedic Mathematics algorithms. Out of the 16 sutras the Urdhva -Tiryakbhyam sutra is being discussed and implemented because this sutra is applicable to all cases of algorithm for n×n bit numbers and gives minimum delay for multiplication of all types of numbers. The complete multiplier is designed using VHDL l...

This paper presents VLSI architecture for lifting based 2D DWT architecture with reduced delay. The proposed structure offers high speed and high area efficiency. Fast computation is achieved by replacing conventional multiplier units of DWT architecture with Vedic multiplier. Three sutras of Vedic multiplication are employed to reduce logic shifting operations of multiplier units and so high s...

Vedic mathematics is the system of mathematics followed in ancient Indian and it is applied in various mathematical branches. The word “Vedic” represents the storehouse of all knowledge. Because using Vedic Mathematics, the arithmetical problems are solved easily. The mathematical algorithms are formed from 16 sutras and 13 up-sutras. But there are some limitations in each sutra. Here, two sutr...

This paper proposed the design of high speed Vedic Multiplier using the techniques of Ancient Indian Vedic Mathematics that have been modified to improve performance. Vedic Mathematics is the ancient system of mathematics which has a unique technique of calculations based on 16 Sutras. The work has proved the efficiency of Urdhva Triyagbhyam– Vedic method for multiplication which strikes a diff...

Religion and ritual have been characterized as costly ways for conditional cooperators to signal their type, and thus identify and interact with one another. But an effective signal may be prohibitively expensive: if the cost of participation is too small, freeriders may send the signal and behave selfishly later. However, if the ritual reveals only the average level of signaling in a group, fr...

This Paper proposes the implementation of multiplier using ancient Indian vedic mathematics (Urdhvatiryagbhyam) that has been modified to improve performance of high speed mathematics, it shows the modified architecture for a 16*16 Vedic multiplier module using Urdhvatiryagbhyam technique. The design implementation is described in both at gate level and high level RTL code using Verilog Hardwar...