Fat reserves are an important energy source for animals wintering in temperate zones. Long nights, low ambient temperature and often unpredictable food all increase the probability of death from starvation, and to survive, animals carry energy reserves as fat. Based on the assumption that extra weight makes birds more vulnerable to diurnal predators, it has been hypothesized that predation risk...

System operators in the electricity industry are required to procure reserve capacity to deal with unanticipated outages, demand shocks, and transmission constraints. One traditional method of procuring reserves is through a separate capacity auction with two-part bids. We analyze an alternative scheme whereby reserves are procured through the energy market using only energy bids, and capacity ...

Due to increasing expansion of energy consumption and also the decrease and tendency towardsending fossil energy reserves, the current energy cycle needs to use alternative energy speciallywind energy, because it’s considerably cheaper than other recycling sources. The presentresearch investigates suitable possibility of exploiting wind energy to create wind power stationin Soltanieh zone of Za...

I . Six experiments were undertaken with mature, dry, non-pregnant cows to determine the capacity to lose and recover nitrogen and to study the significance of the labile and total protein reserves. 2. It was concluded that, without altering its ability to reach N equilibrium, the mature cow is able to store and lose large amounts of body proteins (certainly more than 15 kg), when its N and ene...