The initial reports of robotic assisted microsurgery began to appear in the early 1990s. Animal and early human studies were the initial publications. Larger series papers have recently been published from a few institutions. The field of robotic assisted microsurgery is still in evolution and so are adjunctive tools and instruments. It is clearly a different and unique skill set-is it microsur...

During the first 3 months, infants develop visual evoked potential (VEP) responses that are signatures of cortical orientation-selectivity and directional motion selectivity. Orientation-specific cortical responses develop in early infancy. This study compared these responses directly in the same infants, to investigate whether the later appearance of direction selectivity was intrinsic, or a f...

The dramatic decay of dipole geomagnetic field intensity during the last 160 years coincides with changes in Southern Hemisphere (SH) field morphology and has motivated speculation of an impending reversal. Understanding these changes, however, has been limited by the lack of longer-term SH observations. Here we report the first archaeomagnetic curve from southern Africa (ca. 1000-1600 AD). Dir...

BACKGROUND Recent developments in vasectomy research indicate that occluding the vas using cautery combined with fascial interposition (FI) significantly lowers failure rates and is an appropriate technology for low-resource settings. We report the introduction of this technique in Ministry of Health (MOH) vasectomy services in Rwanda. DESIGN In February 2010, an international vasectomy exper...

BACKGROUND PVPS is different from acute post procedure pain. Acute post procedure pain typically resolves 2–4 weeks postoperatively whereas PVPS continues to persist or may occur months to years after the vasectomy. PVPS can be an extremely frustrating problem to treat for both the patient and the clinician, as there remains no widely accepted protocol for evaluation and treatment of the proble...

PURPOSE More than 30 million couples throughout the world are using vasectomy as a method of birth control. It is estimated that up to 6% of men who undergo voluntary sterilization will eventually request reversal, despite the high cost and relatively low success rate of the procedure. We identified characteristics that predict which vasectomy patients may request reversal. We also examined the...