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Resistance arteries exist in a maintained contracted state from which they can dilate or constrict depending on need. In many cases, these arteries constrict to membrane depolarization and dilate to membrane hyperpolarization and Ca-channel blockers. We discuss recent information on the regulation of arterial smooth muscle voltage-dependent Ca channels by membrane potential and vasoconstrictors...

Patients with congestive heart failure (CHF) develop pulmonary hypertension due to an increase in pulmonary vascular resistance (PVR). These patients may benefit from inhaled vasodilators to selectively reduce PVR. Here, we studied the effects of inhaled vasodilators on pulmonary and systemic hemodynamics and lung edema formation in a rat model of CHF. Since lungs of CHF patients are partially ...

Microbial protein synthesis in the rumen would be optimized when dietary carbohydrates and proteins have synchronized rates and extent of degradation. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of varying ruminal degradation rate of energy and nitrogen sources on intake, nitrogen balance, microbial protein yield, and kinetics of nutrients in the rumen of growing kids. Eight Boer goats (38...

This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Non-Commercial License (http:// creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/). Patients on invasive mechanical ventilation with persistent hypoxemia despite supplemental oxygen (FiO2) usually have significant shunt physiology and/or low cardiac output. If faced with refractory hypoxemia or acute right vent...

Communications to the Editor AS, Hammond CL, Laks H, Naunheim KS, ed. Clenn’s thoracic and cardiovascular surgery. 5th ed. London: Prentice Hall International, 1991; 569-602 3 Sabinston DC, Oldham HN Jr. The mediastinum. In: Sabinston DC Jr. Spencer FC, ed. Gibbon’s surgery of the chest. 4th ed. Philadelphia: W.B. Saunders, 1983; 407-36 4 Felson B. Chest roentgenology. Philadelphia: W.B. Saunde...

Vasodilators lower the blood pressure by decreasing total peripheral resistance. The hemodynamic changes depend on the mix between arteriolar and venous dilatation. Since the compensatory responses are blunted with sympatholytic agents and diuretics, vasodilators can be applied effectively in the treatment of hypertension. Hydralazine and prazosin are used as step III drugs in combination with ...

The term heart failure with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF) has evolved to describe the broad clinical syndrome characterized by signs and symptoms of heart failure in patients in whom the ejection fraction (EF) falls within the low normal to normal range. This terminology is essentially descriptive, and implies neither etiology nor pathophysiology, although both continue to fuel vigorous d...