the effects of unleaded gasoline and unleaded gasoline–ethanol blends on engine performance and pollutant emissions were investigated experimentally in a single cylinder, four-stroke spark-ignition engine with variable engine speeds (2600–3500 rpm). four different blends on a volume basis were applied. these are e0 (0% ethanol + 100% unleaded gasoline), e3 (3% ethanol + 97% unleaded gasoline), ...

The free-piston engine is a type of none-crank that could be operated under variable compression ratio, and this provides it flexible fuel applicability low emission potential. In work, several 1-D models, including conventional gasoline engines, engines hydrogen have been established. Both performance speeds between 5–11 Hz with different equivalent ratios simulated compared. Results indicated...

Today the important challenge is to reduced energy crises and pollution problems , since the use of fossil fuel is continuously increasing due to growth in industrialization. For economic development of country and living standards. Hence there is need to find and alternative fuels to decrease the consumption of fossil fuel and reduce the emission emitted from fossil fuel which produces hazarda...

Compression Ignition (CI) engines are widely used for transportation, agriculture, power generation and industrial applications. The conventional fuel for CI engine is petro diesel. Among the countries in the world, India is one of the largest consumers of petro diesel fuel. Indian economy is very much dependant on the consumption of petro diesel. Brake thermal efficiency, brake specific fuel c...

Waste sardine oil, a byproduct of fish industry, was employed as a low cost feedstock for biodiesel production. It has relatively high free fatty acid (FFA) content (32 mg KOH/g of oil). Lipase enzyme immobilized on activated carbon was used as the catalyst for the transesterification reaction. Process variables viz. reaction temperature, water content and oil to methanol molar ratio were optim...

reduction of exhaust emissions is a major research task in diesel engine development in view of increasing concerns regarding environmental protection and stringent exhaust gas regulations. simultaneousreduction of nox emissions and particulate matter is quite difficult due to the soot/nox trade-off and isoften accompanied by fuel consumption penalties. towards this aim, automotive engineers ha...