A new molecular simulation method for the calculation of vapour-liquid equilibria of mixtures is presented. In this method, the independent thermodynamic variables are temperature and liquid composition. In the first step, one isobaric isothermal simulation for the liquid phase is performed, in which the chemical potentials of all components and their derivatives with respect to the pressure, i...

In order to reduce the effort needed to create self-separated, freestanding gallium nitride (GaN) layers by thick growth in hydride vapor phase epitaxy (HVPE), we established a two-step facet-controlled lateral overgrowth (FACELO) process in HVPE. Just as for the metalorganic vapor phase epitaxy (MOVPE) FACELO process, the template is produced by MOVPE growth directly on sapphire. This initial ...

This tutorial review focuses on the application of mesoporous silica materials, primarily MCM-41 and SBA-15, for the removal of organic pollutants in the vapour phase. After briefly providing an introduction into the types of mesosilica covered in this review article the information is presented on a topic by topic basis and covers mesosilica and its interaction with vapour phase organic pollut...

We present simulation results addressing the phenomenon of colloidal gelation induced by attractive interactions. The liquid–gas transition is prevented by the glass arrest at high enough attraction strength, resulting in a colloidal gel. The dynamics of the system is controlled by the glass, with little effect of the liquid– gas transition. When the system separates into liquid and vapour phas...

In vitro analysis of fresh smoke is an important part of cigarette testing because the exposure methods employed may reflect human smoke exposure. Whole smoke is a dynamic system and has to be handled accordingly. In a few seconds smoke changes its properties. Therefore, the period of time until the smoke is in contact with cells has to be kept as short as possible. The same preconditions need ...

Phase transformations such as freezing typically start with heterogeneous nucleation. Heterogeneous nucleation near a wetting transition, of a crystalline phase is studied. The wetting transition occurs at or near a vapour-liquid transition which occurs in a metastable fluid. The fluid is metastable with respect to crystallisation, and it is the crystallisation of this fluid phase that we are i...

simulation of turbulence boiling, generation of vapour and predication of its behaviour are still subject to debate in the two-phase flow area and they receive a high level of worldwide attention. in this study, a new arrangement of the three dimensional governing equations for turbulence two-phase flow with heat and mass transfer are derived by using ensemble averaging two-fluid model and util...

In this study, mathematical calculations developed through water-vapour phase-change theory is used to interpret the processes involved in the fresh water production of a thermoelectric distillation system. The rate of water production depends on various parameters of vaporization phenomena such as water and vapour temperatures, pressure, specific volume, heat capacity and water-vapour surface ...

The levels of particle and vapour phase polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) derived from the diesel exhaust compounds in bus garage work were measured in winter and in summer. Five personal air samples were collected from the breathing zones of 22 garage workers every other day of consecutive weeks. Control samples (n = 22) were collected from office workers in Helsinki. Fifteen PAHs in the...

Microbial contaminant degradation may either result in the utilization of the compound for growth or act as a protective mechanism against its toxicity. Bioavailability of contaminants for nutrition and toxicity has opposite consequences which may have resulted in quite different bacterial adaptation mechanisms; these may particularly interfere when a growth substrate causes toxicity at high bi...