Introduction and purpose: The purpose of this study was to examine the psychometric properties of the Geriatric Depression Scale (GDS) when applied to the elderly of Tehran. This research is applied-developmental, descriptive and quantitative. Materials and Methods: The research population was Tehrani elderlies, among which 400 people responded to the Geriatric Depression Scale voluntarily and...

nowadays enhancing critical thinking in learners is considered one of the foreign language teachers’ tasks due to its high position in foreign language classrooms. when it comes to selecting materials for language classrooms, there are obviously some criteria that teachers should apply. the present study aimed at a critical thinking based analysis of ten picture story books and ten folktales th...

esl/efl books play a crucial role in shaping language learners worldview of gender roles in society. the present study investigated the status of sexism in two sets of efl textbooks, one developed by non-native iranian authors (ili series) and the other by native authors (top notch series). first, two books from each series was selected randomly. then, a quantitative analysis was carried out wi...

Objectives The aim of this study was to examine the confirmatory factor structure and validation of wife abuse Questionnaire in sample women of subclinical. Methods The study is cross-sectional and Married women’s Mashhad city of formed the study population. Sample size of 671 women was selected by Availability sampling  and the Qahari wife abuse Questionnaire  with questionnai...

short story as an important literary genre in the recent decade is focused by many of young writers and literary critical with searching structure, content , artistic techniques and cognitive phenomenon of these works , we can show quantity of using some parts of storied literature from new literal techniques of the word and also we can show the usage of native, cultural and social foundation...

Objectives: The aim of this study was to determine common and specific factors of anxiety and depressive disorders based on the NEO personality dimensions. Method: Four hundred and thirteen students of Tabriz University (200 males, 213 females) selected by cluster sampling responded to the following questionnaires: NEO Five-Factor Inventory (NEO-FFI), Beck Depression Inventory-II (BDI-II), Anxi...