The immune response of turkeys to live attenuated vaccine for avian pathogenic Escherichia coli (APEC) constructed from O78 strain was evaluated, where ninety-one-day old turkeys were vaccinated twice with 3 weeks intervals. Other thirty turkeys were kept as non-vaccinated control. Birds were challenged against homologous O78 and heterologous O1 and O2 pathogenic strains of E. coli using 107 CF...

This study aimed to determine the effectiveness of influenza vaccinations among the elderly in Bangkok in reducing influenza-like illness (ILI) and influenza-related complications. Using a non-randomized, controlled, prospective methodology, healthy, active people aged 60 years or more, living in the Bangkok Metropolitan Administration (BMA) area, were studied. The two study cohorts comprised 5...

In both humans and animals, controversy exists concerning the duration of protection induced by BCG vaccine against tuberculosis (TB) and whether revaccination enhances protection. A long-term study was undertaken to determine whether BCG-vaccinated calves would be protected against challenge with Mycobacterium bovis 2½ years after vaccination and to determine the effect of revaccination after ...

Vaccines are traditionally tested under the optimal conditions of clinical trials (efficacy). However, their public health impact is better assessed under the real conditions of a clinical practice (effectiveness). The authors aimed to estimate the effectiveness of a rotavirus vaccine (rhesus rotavirus vaccine-tetravalent (RRV-TV)) to prevent rotavirus-related hospitalization among children <or...

The aim of this study was to investigate whether intradermal (ID) vaccination against foot-andmouth disease (FMD) is suitable as an alternative for the usually used intramuscular (IM) route. We used vaccines containing a normal or 10-fold dose antigen and compared groups of pigs that were vaccinated ID with either 0.2ml or 4x0.2ml with groups of pigs that were vaccinated IM with a standard 2ml,...

Background: The specific antibody response against Newcastle disease virus (NDV) in the blood serum of chickens hatched from eggs exposed to low dose gamma-radiation was studied. Materials and methods: Two groups of eggs of commercial meat chicken lines were irradiated with the dose of 0.30 Gy 60Co gamma-rays before incubation and on the 19th day of incubation, respectively. The same num...

Antibody production and clinical efficacy (relative percent survival RPS) were measured in 40&plusmn;5g rainbow trout after immunization with two types of Streptococcus iniae vaccines consisting of formalin killed cells (FKC) and FKC enriched with the bacterial extracellular products (ECP) administered by intraperitoneal (i.p), immersion and oral routes at 16&plusmn;1&deg;C for 18 weeks. No sig...