Context : The sacrum generally is composed of five vertebrae fused to form a triangular bony mass with four pairs of sacral foramina. The sacrum may contain six vertebrae, by development of an additional sacral element or by incorporation of the fifth lumbar or first coccygeal vertebrae produces five pairs of sacral foramina. Sacralization is entirely undiagnosable without an X-ray examination ...

This aim of this study was to evaluate the root apex of mandibular premolars regarding the presence of main and accessory foramina. The root apexes from fifty extracted mandibular single-rooted premolars were examined by scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The apical openings had their diameter measured and were identified as main or accessory foramina. Double blinded and calibrated examiners a...

Several computed tomographic (CT) examples of vertically oriented foramina in the neural arches of the lumbosacral vertebrae are presented. The literature is reviewed briefly, and the possible clinical and embryologic significance of these foramina is discussed.

BACKGROUND Wellens syndrome is a pattern of electrocardiographic (ECG) changes in the context of unstable angina characterized with deep inverted T-waves or biphasic T-waves in the precordial leads. These specific ECG changes are highly suggestive of stenosis in the left anterior descending artery (LAD), which can result in acute myocardial infarction, left ventricular dysfunction, or death. Hu...

Precise knowledge of the vascular supply of the femoral head is critical when contemplating surgery around the femoral head and neck junction. To determine the blood supply to the femoral neck, 2417 nutrient foramina from 76 cadaveric specimens were analyzed based on size, number, and distribution. Within the subcapital, transcervical, and basicervical regions of the femoral neck, the largest n...

Objective: The objective of this study was to the average length adult dry radii in south Indian population, distribution nutrient foramina, and foraminal index. Methods: This conducted using 200 dry, radii, obtained from department Anatomy at our institute. Fully formed both sides genders were included study. Length each bone, distribution, direction foramina on diaphysis studied with help a V...

Inferior vena cava (IVC) absence is thought to have either embryologic or developmental etiologies, depending on the degree of absence. Entire absence of the IVC is thought to be due to embryologic insult, whereas recent studies propose that infrarenal IVC absence is developmental, secondary to perinatal thrombosis. Here we report on an adolescent woman with infrarenal absence of IVC and common...

In many experiments it was proved that brain cooling systems in mammals and birds depend on the flow of the cool venous blood into the cranial cavity through a well-developed system of foramina. In order to investigate the anatomical basis of this mechanism a morphological study was undertaken. On 10 species of mammals and birds, a correlation between the skull capacity and the size of its main...