BACKGROUND Implicit rationing of nursing care is the withholding of or failure to carry out all necessary nursing measures due to lack of resources. There is evidence supporting a link between rationing of nursing care, nurses' perceptions of their professional environment, negative patient outcomes, and placing patient safety at risk. The aims of the study were: a) To explore whether patient s...

Consumers' attempts to control their unwanted consumption impulses influence many everyday purchases with broad implications for marketers' pricing policies. Addressing theoreticians and practitioners alike, this paper uses multiple empirical methods to show that consumers voluntarily and strategically ration their purchase quantities of goods that are likely to be consumed on impulse and that ...

Introduction: what’s the speed limit? In 1973, the then United States President, Jimmy Carter, addressed the issue of declining petroleum resources and increasing automobile traffic by the institution of a rationing plan that mandated decreasing consumption fairly and equitably across the entire population of consumers. The national speed limit (NSL) decreased from 70 to 55 miles per hour, and,...

We introduce a new operator for general rationing problems in which, besides conflicting claims, individual baselines play an important role in the rationing process. The operator builds onto ideas of composition, which are not only frequent in rationing, but also in related problems such as bargaining, choice, and queuing. We characterize the operator and show how it preserves some standard ax...

This paper provides an empirical examination of the frequency and determinants of two forms of non-price rationing in rural credit markets in northern Peru. Quantity rationing is the conventional form of non-price rationing whereby a household with positive demand for credit is denied access. Risk rationing, in contrast, occurs when a household voluntarily withdraws from the credit market for f...

This note investigates the standard Bertrand-Edgeworth duopolistic competition in which two firms sell a homogenous good and have an identical capacity constraint. We examine three firstcome, first-served rationing rules: a) high-to-low rationing where customers arrive in decreasing order of willingness to pay, b) proportional rationing where customer arrivals are independent of willingness to ...