Introduction: Children learn to communicate by hearing sounds. If there is hearing loss, the cognitive and speaking abilities and language learning will deteriorate. Early detection and intervention are important factors in the successful treatment of hearing loss in children. Hearing loss (HL) is divided into two main groups: conductive hearing loss (CHL) and sensorineural hearing loss (SNHL)...

background: asthma, allergic rhinitis and eczema as a common disorder in childhood, has many epidemiologic variations in different geographic areas. this study aimed at determining the prevalence of pediatric allergic disease in rural area of babol. methods: this analytical-cross sectional study was performed in 2012 by random sampling on 2 groups of children the first group aged 6-7 years (n=1...

background: pithyriasis alba (pa) is a nonspecific dermatitis with unknown origin and is a common dermatosis during childhood. its prevalence is higher in individuals with darker skin, inadequate personal hygiene, sun exposure, xerosis with atopic dermatitis. the purpose of this study was to determine the prevalence of pithyriasis alba in elementary school children in babol, northern iran.metho...

the color images raise the level of educational by providing more detailed information; therefore, these images are believed to be effective in gaining a deeper understanding of the lessons. moreover, proper lighting enhances students’ learning and performance. this study aimed at assessing the impact of training color and light materials on elementary school girls’ attention and learning in pe...

Bisphenol-A (BPA) is a potential endocrine disruptor impacting metabolic processes and increasing the risk of obesity. To determine whether urine BPA level is associated with overweight/obesity in school-age children, we examined 1,326 students in grades 4-12 from three schools (one elementary, one middle, and one high school) in Shanghai. More than 98% of eligible students participated. Total ...

BACKGROUND This article describes a school-wide sexually transmitted infection (STI) screening to identify adolescent high-risk sexual behaviors, STI history/incidence, and presence of chlamydia and gonorrhea, and examines relationships between high-risk behaviors and screening positive for chlamydia and gonorrhea in an alternative high school setting. METHODS School-wide chlamydia and gonorr...

Problem Situation: People experience ups and downs in their job satisfaction and motivation levels at different points of their work lives for various reasons. One of the outputs of low job satisfaction and motivation is defined as “withdrawal behaviors” in the literature. Withdrawal behaviors are any employee behavior of withdrawal from duties and responsibilities as a result of a distance tha...

Inquiry into Scientific Correctness of the Elementary School Farsi Textbooks   H. Ghamari, Ph.D.*   Scientific validity or correctness is of paramount importance when it comes to the contents of textbooks used in elementary schools, as the very foundations of learners’ knowledge is constructed therein. Hence, an analysis of these contents from this perspective is necessary in order to guide...