We describe a kinetic, fluorometric assay for urinary Nacetyl-j3-glucosaminidase (EC 3.2.1.30) by measurement of the release of 4-methylumbelliferone (7-hydroxy-4-methylcoumarin). The method is simple, involving only a single reagent, and is applicable to the assay of other enzymes that hydrolyze similar fluorescent-labeled substrates. The enzyme distribution in human tissues and fluids is desc...

The influence of single oral dose of anti-inflammatory, antipyretic and analgesic agents on urinary enzymes was investigated in rats as a indicator of nephrotoxic effect. Urinary LDH activity was significantly elevated by aspirin, ketophenylbutazone, aminopyrine, phenacetin and acetaminophen. These drugs increased also H/M ratio of LDH isoenzymes. Although other test drugs have no effect on LDH...

Proteus mirabilis is a specific opportunistic pathogen of many infections including urinary tract (UTIs). Risk factors are linked with the acquisition multidrug-resistant (MDR) to 3 or more classes antimicrobials) strains. The resistance in extended-spectrum alpha-lactamase rare, but rising beta-lactamase (ESBL) producing strains matter concern. ?-lactamases and antibiotic modifying enzymes mai...

conclusions ctx-m was the most prevalent esbl genotype in uropathogenic e. coli (upec) isolated from uti. in addition, a high frequency of qnr genes among esbl-producing e. coli was identified in this study. in order to avoid treatment failures, we recommend using phenotypic and molecular methods to diagnose these enzymes and qnr genes. results the highest sensitivity was seen to imipenem (96.7...

Urinary cotinine, one of the main metabolites of nicotine, has been widely used as a biomarker for assessment of direct or passive exposure to cigarette smoke. However, there is wide variation of the cotinine level among smokers who smoke the same number of cigarettes. To use urinary cotinine as a proper exposure-biomarker for cigarette smoke, interindividual variations of cotinine formation mu...

The MICs of ofloxacin for 743 strains of Escherichia coli isolated from 1988 to 1994 were determined by testing. The strains were from patients with urinary tract infections complicated by functional or anatomical disorders of the urinary tract. Those determined to be ofloxacin resistant (MIC, > or =12.5 microg/ml) comprised 3 of 395 strains (1.3%) from the 1988 to 1990 group, 2 of 166 strains ...

Introduction: The opportunistic fungus Candida albicans is a normal flora of human. Due to the increase in the number of immunocompromised patients, infections due to the Candida species have considerably increased in the resent years. Extracellular hydrolytic enzymes appear to play an essential role in candidal overgrowth. Dimorphism, adhesions, and the production of hydrolytic enzymes are sug...

Male C57BL/6J mice were shown to excrete in their urine approximately 50 times as much glycolipid as do female mice. These lipids were primarily galabiglycosylceramides and globotriglycosylceramides which contained nonhydroxy and hydroxy fatty acids, sphingosine, and phytosphingosine as components of their ceramide moieties. The lipids were shown to be associated with multilamellar bodies. Neut...

The purpose of the present investigation was to study the effects of inhibition of monoamine oxidase (MAO) and/or catechol-O-methyltransferase (COMT), enzymes involved in the degradation of dopamine (DA) and serotonin (5-HT), on intrarenal DA and 5-HT, as reflected in the renal interstitial fluid (RIF) microdialysate and urine, and on renal function. Inhibition of MAO selectively increased RIF ...

The enteric bacterium Proteus mirabilis is a common cause of complicated urinary tract infections. In this study, microarrays were used to analyze P. mirabilis gene expression in vivo from experimentally infected mice. Urine was collected at 1, 3, and 7 days postinfection, and RNA was isolated from bacteria in the urine for transcriptional analysis. Across nine microarrays, 471 genes were upreg...