There are above 60 million first language speakers of Urdu and above 104 million second language speakers. Lot of knowledge on the internet available/useful to these speakers of Urdu is in English. The contrast in typology of both languages is interesting to study for Statistical Machine Translation. However, there is almost no parallel aligned data available freely for the selected language pa...

The paper presents a strategy for deriving English to Urdu translation using English to Hindi MT system. The English-Hindi lexical database is used to collect all possible Hindi words and phrases. These are further augmented by including their morphological variations and attaching all possible postpositions. This list is used to provide mapping from Hindi to Urdu. There may be change in gender...

This paper presents a technique for segmentation of printed Urdu text images into lines and ligatures, a key pre-processing step in Urdu Optical Character Recognition (OCR) systems. Unlike classical projection profile based line segmentation methods, the proposed scheme successfully segments overlapping and touching lines. Once the lines are segmented, ligatures are extracted from each text lin...

Urdu is amongst the five largest languages of the world and enjoys extreme importance by sharing its vocabulary with several other languages of the Indo-Pak. However, there has not been any significant research in the area of Automatic Speech Recognition of Urdu. This paper presents the statistical based classification technique to achieve the task of Automatic Speech Recognition of isolated wo...

We survey the optical character recognition (OCR) literature with reference to the Urdu-like cursive scripts. In particular, the Urdu, Pushto, and Sindhi languages are discussed, with the emphasis being on the Nasta'liq and Naskh scripts. Before detaining the OCR works, the peculiarities of the Urdu-like scripts are outlined, which are followed by the presentation of the available text image da...

1. Some Extended Arabic characters are typographical variants of characters already adequately covered by the corresponding Basic Arabic Characters; 2. 0626 ARABIC LETTER YEH WITH HAMZA ABOVE is actually a representation form of two nominal characters: 06D5 ARABIC LETTER AE followed by 0621 ARABIC LETTER HAMZA; 3. The graphemes for the aspirated phonemes of Urdu should be added; 06BE ARABIC LET...

Handheld devices generally provide the facility of text input through keys that are an inconvenient and slow way of input. Digitizing tablets and light pens, on the other hand provide a natural and convenient way of input. There are many online character recognizers for languages based on Roman and Chinese characters but there is no such commercial product for Urdu/Arabic text input. We present...

Stemming is a procedure that conflates morphologically related terms into a single term without doing complete morphological analysis. Urdu language raises several challenges to Natural Language Processing (NLP) largely due to its rich morphology. The core tool of information retrieval (IR) is a Stemmer which reduces a word to its stem form. Due to the diverse nature of Urdu, developing its ste...

OBJECTIVE To develop and validate the Urdu version of the International Prostate Symptoms Score. METHODS The prospective study was conducted at Indus Hospital, Karachi, from January to April 2014, and comprised interviews of subjects at baseline and at 2 weeks for assessing the test-retest reliability. Patients presenting with lower urinary track symptoms and who were able to read Urdu were r...

In this paper we explore the possibility of using cross lingual projections that help to automatically induce role-semantic annotations in the PropBank paradigm for Urdu, a resource poor language. This technique provides annotation projections based on word alignments. It is relatively inexpensive and has the potential to reduce human effort involved in creating semantic role resources. The pro...