OBJECTIVES To investigate whether indoor randon or gamma radiation might play a part in myeloid leukaemia as suggested by studies based on crude geographical or geological data for exposure assessment. METHODS For six months randon and gamma radiation was measured with solid state nuclear track detectors and thermoluminescent dosimeters in dwellings of 44 adult male cases of acute myeloid leu...

Sub-Saharan Africa suffers by far the greatest malaria burden worldwide and is currently undergoing a profound demographic change, with a growing proportion of its population moving to urban areas. Urbanisation is generally expected to reduce malaria transmission; however the disease still persists in African cities, in some cases at higher levels than in nearby rural areas. Objective. This pap...

Our world is facing major problems relating to food production. According to an August 30, 2015 program of LANDLINE (Australian Broadcasting Corporation, Australia),we lose 120,000,000 hectares of agricultural land per year due to population growth, associated urbanisation, and desertification.

ii ABOUT THE AUTHOR Ivan Turok has researched and written extensively on urban and regional development and policy in the global north and south. ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS The paper draws on research undertaken for the 2011 State of South African Cities Report. Considerable thanks are due to the South African Cities Network for supporting that work. I am also grateful to Gerbrand Mans of the CSIR for hi...

The economic and political changes characterising contemporary urbanisation have generated unjust conceptions and configurations of urban space that, in turn, have sparked off unusual forms of activism. All over the world, heterogeneous groups of citizens have imagined and experimented with new collective actions to counter urban transformations producing social segregation, expulsions, erasure...

this article analyses spatial political, economic and social contexts of successful of farming and livestock development in the area of Ili river valley (AoIRV). AoIRV is located on Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region (XUAR), where is a vital and historical agricultural area in this region. In the Context of ‘Western Development Drive’ of China, central government enhance the support for western r...

BACKGROUND We sought to examine changes in the magnitude of social inequality in motorcycle helmet use in Taiwan between 2001 and 2009. METHODS Using data from the 2001 and 2009 Taiwan National Health Interview Surveys, we calculated absolute (the slope index of inequality, SII) and relative (relative index of inequality, RII) measures of inequality in helmet use by three indicators of socioe...

Biosecurity issues in rural areas including the rural-urban fringe have been on the national government agenda for decades. However, these issues are rarely linked to the land use pattern and the planning processes that frame the peri-urbanisation process. International, national, regional and localised stressors leading to each new biosecurity threat seem to constantly overshadow the ongoing t...

Sub-Saharan Africa today is in the midst of a dramatic urban transition that will persist well into the 21 century. Between 2010 and 2035, the urban population is expected to more than double from approximately 298 million to 697 million. By mid-century, it is estimated that over 1 billion people will live in urban areas. While urbanization has the potential to act as an engine of economic grow...