This paper describes the historical processes that resulted in the considerable socioeconomic disparities that are found in South Afr ica. Owing to the spatial orientation of much of apartheid policy, these dispar ities have a distinctive geographic form, with signif icant socio-economic contrasts within rural and urban areas and bet ween urban and rural areas more broadly. It was inev itable t...

Abstract This paper presents a new facet of the regional forecasts Institute for Employment Research (IAB). For development in 2022, we report results at level administrative district types Federal on Building, Urban Affairs and Spatial Development (BBSR). Overall, 2022 suggest return to disparities that already existed before pandemic with regard unemployment employment. While there are no maj...

Socioecological theory and a growing body of research suggests that geographic, racial, ethnic, and socioeconomic disparities in the prevalence of obesity are linked to disparities in the availability of food retail outlets that provide healthy food options. We examined the availability of food stores for low-income women in Kansas and tested whether food store availability was associated with ...

Efforts to cope with the legacy of our industrial cities--blight, poverty, environmental degradation, ailing communities--have galvanized action across the public and private sectors to move vacant industrial land, also referred to as brownfields, to productive use; to curb sprawling development outside urban areas; and to reinvigorate urban communities. Such efforts, however, may be proceeding...

The analysis of economic disparities within the European Union strongly depends on the regional level concerned. Whereas the economic gap between the member states of the EU15 has decreased over the last decades, regional disparities on the NUTS2-level have rather deepened. The reason for these contradictory findings can be found in the increasing disparities within many of the member states: E...