We review the problem of the tuneshift correction of symplectic maps and its applications to accelerator physics. The normal form techniques used to compute the correcting terms are outlined both in two and four dimensional phase space. A theorem which gives an upper bound to the growth of the coeecients of the correcting map is proved. Two ways of correcting the tuneshift are discussed: a comp...

Urban heritage is at the core of process many changes observable in cities today. The pace urban change contexts, however, differs widely across globe. In some areas, it goes slowly, others astonishingly rapid. cases, coupled with risks erosion and areas value synonymous prosperity positive impacts. Change not only confined to physical tangible aspects, but needs be regarded as mirroring relate...

Abstract Digital architecture, as a proceeding architectural style, has caused fundamental evolutions in architectural design and building appearance via applying complex geometries and topologies. Computers and digital tools have truly altered the design process and architectural conception facilitating production of new eye catching forms. Avant-garde architectural forms have emerged from the...

BACKGROUND In recent years, there have been a growing number of studies on spatial inequalities in health covering a variety of scales, from small areas to metropolitan areas or regions, and for various health outcomes. However, few investigations have compared health status between cities with a view to gaining a better understanding of the relationships between such inequalities and the socia...

A soil aggregate is “a group of primary soil particles that cohere to each other more strongly than to other surrounding particles.” Soil aggregates form through the combined action of aggregation and fragmentation processes. That is, attractive and disruptive forces act on the particles in the soil to cause greater cohesion among some particles, and groups of particles, than others. Most soils...

now days, citizens safety in urban spaces is one of the most important worries of urban managers. this may be reflected in different characters of urban spaces such as physical, social and economical and even political characters. with regard to increasing crimes and complexities of urban spaces, trying for achieve to sustainable, healthy and good cities mean in providing the safety environment...

one of the most traditional architecture and urban planning patterns is bazaar. the aim of this paper is studying social, economical and architectural features of traditional bazaars. the claim of this study is that they are significant relationship between social and economical values of bazaars with their architectural values. bazaar usually is located along the main routes of the city and ex...

Progress in urban climate science is severely restricted by the lack of useful information that describes aspects of the form and function of cities at a detailed spatial resolution. To overcome this shortcoming we are initiating an international effort to develop the World Urban Database and Access Portal Tools (WUDAPT) to gather and disseminate this information in a consistent manner for urba...

1. introduction today, sustainability of rural and urban settlements and their population in developing world is one of the greatest challenges of the 21st century. however, today due to development of urbanization, the rural areas have undergone many changes . these changes have been concurrent with the developing process of urbanization and unorganized expansion of cities on the one hand, and...