Abstract –The propagation path loss models may give different results if they are used in different environment other than in which they were designed. In this paper we compare the different path loss propagation models with measured field data. For comparative analysis we use the log distance path loss model, Stanford University Interim (SUI) Model, Hata model, Okumura’s Model, COST231 Extensi...

The development of autonomous vehicles for urban driving has seen rapid progress in the past 30 years. This paper provides a summary of the current state of the art in autonomous driving in urban environments, based primarily on the experiences of the authors in the 2007 DARPA Urban Challenge (DUC). The paper briefly summarizes the approaches that different teams used in the DUC, with the goal ...

The Global Positioning System (GPS) has been widely used in land vehicle navigation applications. However, the positioning systems based on GPS alone face great problems in the so called urban canyon environments where the GPS signals are often blocked by high buildings and there are not enough available satellites signals to estimate the positioning information of a x. To solve the problem, a ...