BACKGROUND The current residency training system in the United States (US) has inherent dependence on the international medical graduate (IMG). This article discusses the physician workforce shortage, especially related to general surgery, and examines the distribution of IMGs in general surgery ranks. STUDY DESIGN We performed a cross-sectional study using the American Medical Association Ma...

The influence of large sub urban shopping center toward the decline of inner city commercial center has attracted many researchers. To prevent the decline of the city center due to urban sprawl, it is necessary to understand the influence of sub urban shopping mall development in competition with the city commercial center. This paper reports the investigation on the transportation effect on th...

With China's urbanization continuing to accelerate, a amount of rural people flood into China's cities in recent years, and the issue of agriculture, rural areas and farmers is getting more and more serious. In 2005, the Chinese government put forward a plan for “the construction of new rural village”, in order to coordinate the development of both urban and rural areas. The planning method of ...

Based on the geo-statistical theory and ArcGIS geo-statistical module, datas of 30 groundwater level observation wells were used to estimate the decline of groundwater level in Beijing piedmont. Seven different interpolation methods (inverse distance weighted interpolation, global polynomial interpolation, local polynomial interpolation, tension spline interpolation, ordinary Kriging interpolat...

journal.publications.chestnet.org polluted urban areas as opposed to nonindustrialized farming areas exist. The subjects in this observational study were not subjected to treatment as a result of the study fi ndings. In addition, there is now evidence that neither bronchodilator nor steroid treatment signifi cantly infl uences the decline of lung function over time. 2 , 3 Our study included mos...

After decades of decline, cities are rebounding, and one key to bringing urban areas back to life is revitalizing commercial districts. There are different approaches to doing that, a lot of challenges, and not a lot of “how-to” books. This report draws on the existing literature on the revitalization of inner-city commercial districts to examine alternative approaches — including the popular M...

The mortality from measles was studied in an urban area of Guinea-Bissau one year before and five years after the introduction of a vaccination programme. The years after the introduction of immunisation saw a decline in mortality among unvaccinated children with measles. This decline occurred despite a lower age at infection and an increasing prevalence of malnourished children. State of nutri...

BACKGROUND In the past decade, accumulating evidence of pollinator decline has raised concerns regarding the functioning of terrestrial ecosystems and the sustainability of crop production. Although land-use changes have been advanced as the major causes, the affinities of most wild pollinators with the main land-use types remain unknown. Filling this gap in our knowledge is a prerequisite to i...

● Emissions of NOx have fallen by 37% from 1990 to 2000. This has been mainly due to reductions in emissions from road transport and public power generation. ● Road transport is the largest source of NOx emissions in the UK, contributing 49% of total emissions in 2000. However, emissions from road transport have fallen by 34% between 1990 and 2000 due to improvements in engine design and fittin...