Virtually all countries report population and other data as urban or rural, but specific definitions vary greatly as to the geographic units used and how populous an urban place must be. Many countries recognize urban as including overflow and suburbs outside municipal limits, giving rise to additional definitions such as urbanized areas and metropolitan areas. This article discusses the US def...

This article explores two neglected questions: (1) Does the relationship between hospital concentration and costs vary between urban and rural markets? and (2) Do hospital costs in non-metropolitan areas vary with rurality? Covariance model results using 1992 data reveal that: (1) Although metropolitan and urban markets exhibit a negative relationship between hospital average costs and market c...

This paper presents a Light Detection and Ranging (LiDAR) data set that targets complex urban environments. Urban environments with high-rise buildings and congested traffic pose a significant challenge for many robotics applications. The presented data set is unique in the sense it is able to capture the genuine features of an urban environment (e.g. metropolitan areas, large building complexe...

The Kathmandu Valley of Nepal epitomizes the growing urbanization trend spreading across the Himalayan foothills. This metropolitan valley has experienced a significant transformation of its landscapes in the last four decades resulting in substantial land use and land cover (LULC) change; however, no major systematic analysis of the urbanization trend and LULC has been conducted on this valley...

In urban areas with a high level of human disturbance, wildlife has to adjust its behavior to deal with the so called “landscape of fear.” This can be studied in risk perception during movement in relation to specific habitat types, whereby individuals trade-off between foraging and disturbance. Due to its high behavioral plasticity and increasing occurrence in urban environments, wild boar (Su...

a r t i c l e i n f o JEL classification: R14 R52 Keywords: R14 Land use patterns R52 Land use and other regulations This paper expands empirical testing of the predictions of the standard monocentric urban model to examine the size of urban spatial expansion for all US metropolitan regions for the years 1980, 1990 and 2000. Until recently, the lack of temporally and spatially-consistently inte...

power as an institution, governance as structure and spatial organization is considered as an organizational tool in the service of the goals and aspirations of the institutions of power and governance structure. in this framework the spatial organization and geographic environment is a result of social organization (social, economic, political), and its natural and ecological system. human aut...

We examine the link between highways and urban development by employing both hedonic analysis and multiple sales techniques to study the impact of the construction of toll roads in Orange County, California, on house prices. Urban economic theory predicts that if highways improve accessibility, that accessibility premium will be reflected in higher land prices. Our empirical analyses of house s...

With the increasing demand for greener and more energy efficient transportation solutions, electric vehicles (EVs) have emerged to be future of across globe. However, currently, one biggest bottlenecks EVs is battery. Small batteries limit driving range, while big are expensive not environmentally friendly. One potential solution this challenge deployment charging roads, i.e., dynamic wireless ...

This paper makes an intensive study of the realizations and related key technologies in the 3D urban traffic simulation system. First, the system can quickly edit the scenes of the 3D urban, including buildings, roads, etc. It describes the roads using the graph structure, then, the constrained Delaunay algorithm is applied to reconstruct the mesh of the road and terrain. The most important, th...