and reactive normally to light, associated with subtle left eyelid ptosis. Five days later, his diplopia had resolved. On voluntary vertical gaze, trace upward and downward movement returned. Oculocephalic maneuver elicited downward saccade but failed to hold the downward gaze, and elicited no upward gaze ( fig. 1 A). Vertical saccades and pursuit returned normal on follow-up examination 2 week...

How engineering enabled abstraction in computer science. 1. Turning dreams into reality What has been is what will be, and what has been done is what will be done; there is nothing new under the sun. Is there a thing of which it is said, "See, this is new"? – Ecclesiastes 1:9-10 Although Ecclesiastes says “No,” engineers and computer scientists say “Yes, there are things that are new under the ...

Social comparison processes include the desire to affiliate with others, the desire for information about others, and explicit self-evaluation against others. Previously these types of comparison activity and their corresponding measures have been treated as interchangeable. We present evidence that in certain groups under threat, these comparison activities diverge, with explicit self-evaluati...

Computational thinking resolves a problem in philosophy: how can there be higher level laws of nature if everything is reducible to the fundamental laws of physics.

AMERICANS STAND at a dramatically divisive point in our history, separated by inequalities not seen since the Gilded Age a century ago. Although received wisdom claims that we all are middle class, polls persistently show that we split equally between identifying as working class and as middle class. To paraphrase Tom Lehrer, the middle folks scorn the working folks and the working folks envy t...

In this study, the authors examined the effects of social comparison on the life satisfaction of 455 community-dwelling older persons. These older persons were confronted with a fictitious interview with either an upward or a downward target. After downward comparison, older persons felt more satisfied with their lives than after upward comparison, especially those who had higher levels of frai...

The downward and upward closures of a regular language L are obtained by collecting all the subwords and superwords of its elements, respectively. The downward and upward interiors of L are obtained dually by collecting words having all their subwords and superwords in L, respectively. We provide lower and upper bounds on the size of the smallest automata recognizing these closures and interior...

This study provides a comprehensive description of upper eyelid movement in normal human subjects. Using the magnetic search coil technique to monitor lid position and modified skin electrodes to record orbicularis oculi electromyographic (EMG) activity, the authors found that the basic eyelid movements, blinks, and saccadic lid movements, can be uniquely and reliably characterized by their amp...