Relief wells are used extensively to relieve excess hydrostatic pressure in pervious foundation strata overlain by impervious top strata, conditions which often exist landward of levees and downstream of dams and hydraulic structures. Placing well outlets in below-surface trenches or collector pipes helps dry up seepage areas downstream of levees and dams. Relief wells are often used in combina...

an experiment featuring waterhammer in viscoelastic pipes is presented in which the effects of pipe-wall viscoelasticity on waterhammer pressures are investigated. a large-scale pipeline apparatus made of polyvinyl chloride (pvc) at deltares, delft, the netherlands, has been used to carry out waterhammer experiments. tests have been conducted in a reservoir-pipeline-valve system consisting of a...

this study was conducted to evaluate the morphological responses of two different species including capoeta gracilis and alburnoides eichwaldii due to construction of the tarik dam in the sefidrud river using geometric morphometric technique. for this purpose, a total of 80 specimens of c. gracilis and 60 specimens of a. eichwaldii were collected from upstream and down-stream of dam. the left s...

In an industry characterised by secret vertical contracts, we consider a benchmark case where two vertical chains exist, with two upstream manufacturers selling to two downstream retailers, and show that the equilibrium prices are independent of whether upstream or downstream ̄rms have all the bargaining power. We then analyse two alternative mergers, and show that a downstream merger (which gi...