Adults readily detect changes in face patterns brought about by the inversion of eyes and mouth when the faces are viewed upright but not when they are viewed upside down. Research suggests that this illusion (the Thatcher illusion) is caused by the interfering effects of face inversion on the processing of second-order relational information (fine spatial information such as the distance betwe...

This paper investigates the spatial concentration of Chinese manufacturing using data collected in both the second and third national industrial censuses. It is found that many of China’s manufacturing industries were highly geographically concentrated in several coastal regions in 1995. A historical comparison of the concentration levels between 1980, 1985 and 1995 suggests that manufacturing ...

Upside-down stomach is a rare condition characterized by the occurrence of a gastric volvulus in a supradiaphragmatic hernia sac [1,2]. We describe a case of upside-down stomach with mesenteroaxial volvulus in which the stomach had prolapsed into the esophageal hiatal hernia sac. The gastric volvulus was successfully resolved by colonoscopy-assisted PEG. An 82-year-old woman presented with a 3-...

This paper aims to understand how firms’ asymmetric risk environment affects the CEO compensation structure. I investigate firm’s downside and upside potential differentially affect choice between cash equity stock options restricted compensation. First, show that, as (upside potential) increases, boards grant more (more compensation) less (less compensation). Second, that proportion of option ...