In this work I consider the exact upscaling of the transport in layered porous media. Some applications of the upscaled equation is discussed.

To evaluate and improve the quality of land surface albedo products, validation with ground measurements of albedo is crucial over the spatially and temporally heterogeneous land surface. One of the essential steps for satellite albedo product validation is coarse scale observation technique development with long time ground-based measurements. In this paper, the optimal nodes were selected fro...

A review of recent works on numerical homogenisation of fractured rock masses gives witness of difficulties in defining rigorously and determining numerically the macroscopic strain and stress that are to be used in upscaling relations. Moreover, for finite-size domains, relations between macroscopic strain and stress are dependant on boundary conditions and this constitutes an additional diffi...

[1] Upscaling fine resolution river networks in a realistic manner is a cumbersome process and manual corrections are difficult to avoid. A modified algorithm is presented that offers improvement over the existing approaches and requires comparatively fewer manual corrections. The algorithm uses fine resolution flow directions to find the adjacent coarse resolution grid cell in which the majori...

The ongoing success of three-dimensional (3D) cinema fuels increasing efforts to spread the commercial success of 3D to new markets. The possibilities of a convincing 3D experience at home, such as three-dimensional television (3DTV), has generated a great deal of interest within the research and standardization community. A central issue for 3DTV is the creation and representation of 3D conten...

The information on transpiration is vital for sustaining fragile ecosystem in arid/semiarid environment, including the Horqin Sandy Land (HSL) located in northeast China. However, such information is scarce in existing literature. The objectives of this study were to: (1) measure sap flow of selected individual stems of two sand-fixing plants, namely Salix gordejevii and Caragana microphylla, i...

With the recent comeback of three-dimensional (3D) movies to the cinemas, there have been increasing efforts to spread the commercial success of 3D to new markets. The possibility of a 3D experience at home, such as three-dimensional television (3DTV), has generated a great deal of interest within the research and standardization community. A central issue for 3DTV is the creation and represent...

In this article we present some numerical techniques to increase efficiency and applicability of a flow-based upscaling procedure used to solve single and multi-phase flows in naturally fractured reservoirs. These geological formations may be characterized by hundreds up to hundreds of thousands of fractures, ranging from small to medium scales, spreading all over the reservoir. In these scenar...

Predicting and controlling the concentrations of redox-sensitive elements are primary concerns for environmental remediation of contaminated sites. These predictions are complicated by dynamic flow processes as hydrologic variability is a governing control on conservative and reactive chemical concentrations. Subsurface heterogeneity in the form of layers and lenses further complicates the flow...