Method Patients with nasal polyps were recruited from the clinic, adult first-degree relatives of the patients were asked to participate. Our intention was to recruit one relative of each gender per patient. All participants were examined with nasal endoscopy and underwent a structured interview regarding upper airway symptoms and risk factors. The results were compared with a general populatio...

Foreign bodies in upper airway may have various presentations and be life threatening. Leeches can attach to upper airway and cause serious problems. Herein we report a 55-year-old man with hemoptysis due to attachment of leech and explain our technique for its removal.

Dynamic conditions of the upper respiratory tract in the horse are being increasingly diagnosed across multiple disciplines with the improved diagnostic abilities in over ground endoscopy. Numerous conditions including palatal malfunction, pharyngeal wall collapse, vocal cord collapse, axial deviation of the aryepiglottic folds, intermittent epiglottic entrapment, and arytenoid dysfunction have...

for upper gastrointestinal endoscopy. A standard Olympus endoscope (GIF H190, Olympus, Center Valley, Pennsylvania, USA) was used for evaluation of gastritis. After 12 hours, the patient developed hoarseness, throat pain, and swelling. A computed tomography (CT) scan, barium swallow, and laryngeal electromyography (LEMG) studies showed normal findings. Strobovideolaryngoscopy showed a higher le...

UNLABELLED The Pierre Robin sequence is characterized by micrognathia, glossoptosis and upper airway obstruction. Symptom severity varies, and this makes the treatment of these patients a true challenge. AIM to identify the presence of sleep hypopnea-apnea in patients with Pierre-Robin sequence. MATERIALS AND METHODS retrospective study in which we assessed 14 children with Pierre-Robin seq...

The upper airway is a complex tissue structure that is prone to collapse. Current methods for studying airway obstruction are inadequate in safety, cost, or availability, such as CT or MRI, or only provide localized qualitative information such as flexible endoscopy. Long range optical coherence tomography (OCT) has been used to visualize the human airway in vivo, however the limited imaging ra...

PALATAL dysfunction, the term which describes both intermittent dorsal displacement of the soft palate and palatal instability, is one of the most commonly identified causes of upper airway obstruction in horses (Barakzai and Hawkes 2010). The reported prevalence of palatal dysfunction ranges from 10 to 20 per cent in young racehorses (Pollock and others 2009, Ducharme 2012). Dynamic endoscopic...

Background ! Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) may occur as a result of anatomical or functional obstruction at different levels of the upper and lower airway. Functional obstruction happens mostly during REM (rapid-eye movement) and nonREM 1 (N2) sleep stages. ! PSG (polysomnography) provides the data of sleep O2 saturations, hypopneic and apneic events and abnormal respiratory events per hour, ho...