OBJECTIVE To estimate the potential efficacy and cost-effectiveness of hormone replacement therapy (HRT) in the prevention of osteoporotic fractures, with and without the assistance of perimenopausal bone mineral density (BMD) screening. METHOD Residual lifetime fracture experience of a hypothetical cohort of 100,000. British women aged 45 years at baseline, modelled using prevailing UK morta...

The hemoglobinopathies encompass a heterogeneous group of disorders associated with mutations in both the alpha-globin and beta-globin genes. Increased immigration of high-risk populations has prompted the implementation of prenatal and newborn screening programs for hemoglobinopathies across Europe and North America. In Canada, the UK, and other European countries, prenatal screening to identi...

PURPOSE Ultrasonography has been used as a diagnostic tool in developmental dysplasia of the hip (DDH) during early infancy since the early 1980s. The aim of this review article is to summarise the technique, benefits and shortcomings of four infantile hip ultrasonography methods, focusing mainly on the Graf method, and to assess the effectiveness of ultrasonographic newborn hip screening progr...

Current guidelines for the management of patients with compensated cirrhosis recommend universal screening endoscopy followed by prophylactic beta-blocker therapy to prevent initial hemorrhage in those found to have esophageal varices. However, the cost-effectiveness of this recommendation has not been established. Our objective was to determine whether screening endoscopy is cost-effective com...

The factor V Leiden (FVL) mutation is associated with vascular complications in pregnancy, and routine screening of all pregnant women has been suggested. We did a prospective, unselected study in 967 pregnant women to evaluate the cost-effectiveness of screening all women, or only those with a personal or family history of venous thrombosis (n=113). When anticoagulant prophylaxis was assumed t...

The reported prevalence of established dislocation the hip in an unscreened population varies from 0.7 to 1.6 / 1000 children in European and American white populations. In clinically screened populations neonatal hip instability is reported to occur in 3 to 30 / 1000 newborns while established congenital dislocation has a prevalence of 0.1- 4/1000 of which 1/1000 is judged to be in need for su...

OBJECTIVE Screening for hip dysplasia is controversial. A previous randomized controlled trial revealed that adding universal or selective ultrasound to routine clinical examination gave a nonsignificant reduction in rates of late presenting cases, but with higher treatment rates. This study assesses differences in outcome at skeletal maturity for the 3 newborn screening strategies in terms of ...

OBJECTIVE To compare blood lead (BPb) poisoning screening strategies in light of the 1997 recommendations by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Ga. DESIGN Cost-effectiveness analysis from the perspective of the health care system to compare the following 4 screening strategies: (1) universal screening of venous BPb levels; (2) universal screening of capillary BPb levels;...