Theoretical models of the markup-inflation relationship focus on the markup of price on marginal costs in contrast with empirical models that typically focus on the markup on unit costs. Using nearly 50 years of quarterly United States data we identify a negative long-run relationship between inflation and the markup of price on unit costs on the one hand and with the markup on marginal costs o...

Healthcare costs are steadily increasing. In Switzerland, in 2007, they amounted to 10.8% of gross domestic product, of which 45.6% related to hospital care (including drug-related costs) and 10.3% to drugs.[1] Very few data exist regarding evolution of drug costs in hospitals, as they are included in the hospital financing system.[2] In our university hospital, the 32-bed adult intensive care ...

Information on the unit cost of inpatient and outpatient care is an essential element for costing, budgeting and economic-evaluation exercises. Many countries lack reliable estimates, however. WHO has recently undertaken an extensive effort to collect and collate data on the unit cost of hospitals and health centres from as many countries as possible; so far, data have been assembled from 49 co...

OBJECTIVE To explore how the scale of a project affects both the total costs and average costs of HIV prevention in India. METHODS Economic cost data and measures of scale (coverage and service volume indicators for number of cases of sexually transmitted infections (STIs) referred, number of STIs treated, condoms distributed and contacts made with target groups) were collected from 17 interv...

This Research Memorandum presents estimates of the unit cost of selected sanitation services for the City of Atlanta. The Research Memorandum was prepared at the request of Gary Cox, Deputy Chief Operating Officer of the City of Atlanta. Estimates of unit costs are presented in Table 1. The remainder of the Research Memorandum explains how these unit costs were derived and provides some observa...

E, de la Hoz F, Valenzuela MT, et al. Identifying unit costs for use in regional economic evaluation: an illustrative analysis of childhood pneumococcal conjugate vaccine in Latin America and the In conducting economic evaluations of new medical interventions , data from empirical studies offer a ready source of information regarding the use of health care resources by patients undergoing diffe...

the establishment of rational balance between number of users and productivity capacity of rangelands and suitable number of the folk in the ranch units is one of the necessities of the sustainable management of rangelands. also growth and efficiency of the productive factor would lead to the economical benefit maximum .this study was done in order to evaluate the optimal ranch size basis on th...