A novel approach for enclosing all heterogeneous and reactive azeotropes in multi-component mixtures is presented. The thermodynamic conditions for azeotropy form a system of nonlinear equations. A deterministic global optimization approach is introduced in which the global optimization problem may contain multiple global minima and there is a one-to-one correspondence between each global minim...

An excess Gibbs free energy model is applied to in®estigate the influence of n-paraffin composition on the aging beha®ior of wax-oil gel deposits known to form in subsea petroleum transport pipelines. The aging of wax-oil gels occurs by a counterdiffusion process where wax molecules with carbon numbers greater than a critical carbon num( ) ber CCN diffuse into the gel matrix, and ®ice ®ersa. Mo...

This paper reports experimental data and the thermodynamic modeling of the liquid-liquid equilibrium systems with triacylglycerols, free fatty acids (obtained from olive oil), ethanol and water. The experimental data were fitted using the UNIQUAC model, in which absolute deviation of 1.28 % and root mean square deviation of 2.10 % between experimental and calculated mass fraction of the compone...

Boiling points have been determined at 101.33 kPa for the binary mixtures of sulfolane + o-xylene, sulfolane + m-xylene, sulfolane+p-xylene, sulfolane+ethylbenzene and sulfolane+1,2,4-trimethylbenzene. Calculations of the non-ideality of the vapor phase were made with the second virial coefficients evaluated from the Hayden–O’Connell method. The binary parameters for five activity coefficient m...

Abstract: In this study, the liquid-liquid equilibria of the mixtures consisted of ethanol, water, and the main components of gasoline fuel: pentane, hexane, and cyclohexane were experimentally determined. This study is related to the phase behavior when water in atmosphere is absorbed into ethanol + gasoline fuel (gasohol) and then possibly separates into two liquid phases in an automobile fue...

In the present study, in order to predict the activity coefficient of inorganic ions, 12 cases of aqueous chloride solution were considered (AClx=1,2; A=Li, Na, K, Rb, Mg, Ca, Ba, Mn, Fe, Co, Ni). For this study, the UNIQUAC thermodynamic model is desired and its adjustable parameters are optimized with the Genetic + PSO algorithm. The optimization of the UNIQUAC model with PSO+ genetic algorit...

The search of new renewable fuels and the interest finding uses for abundant subproducts many industrial processes have prompt Eni S.p.A to develop a technology producing biofuels from glycerol. One compounds involved in this process is 2-ethyl-4-ethoxymethyl-1,3‑dioxolane (PrEDO). In paper their temperature - vapor pressure curve has been determined experimentally as well binary vapor–liquid e...

The esterification reaction between acetic acid and butanol was investigated in a reactive distillation column. The thermodynamic aspects of considered system are discussed, equilibrium constant, vapor pressures and UNIQUAC interaction parameters were investigated. Reactive distillation experiments were carried out to provide high purity butyl acetate. For this purpose, a 2 m column with nonrea...