Graves' disease is a most common cause of hyperthyroidism. It is an autoimmune disease, and autoimmune process induces an inflammatory reaction, and reactive oxygen species (ROSs) are among its products. When balance between oxidants and antioxidants is disturbed, in favour of the oxidants it is termed "oxidative stress" (OS). Increased OS characterizes Graves' disease. It seems that the level ...

Graves' disease and Hashimoto's thyroiditis are the most common autoimmune thyroid diseases. Hypothyroidism can develop in patients with Graves' disease, either spontaneously or as a result of radioactive iodine therapy or surgery. However, it is rare for patients with Hashimoto's thyroiditis to subsequently develop Graves' disease. We report a case of alopecia areata associated with Graves' di...

It has been reported that various types of immunoactivators can induce Graves' disease. We describe here a case of Graves' disease during treatment with sizofiran, an immunoactivator. A 42-year-old woman who had previously been in an euthyroid state with Hashimoto's thyroiditis, experienced thyrotoxicosis during continuous administration of sizofiran as immunotherapy for endometrial carcinoma. ...

AIM to determine the correlation between free thyroxine level and left ventricular mass in newly diagnoses Graves' disease. METHODS seventeen patients with newly diagnosed Graves' disease were studied. Inclusion criteria was new case of Graves' disease, no previous history or clinical evidence of coronary artery disease, cardiac valve disease, diabetes mellitus, chronic kidney disease, not ta...

In autoimmune hypothyroidism (Hashimoto's disease), TPO (thyroid peroxidase) antibodies may be detected, while in autoimmune hyperthyroidism (Graves' disease) thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH ) receptor antibodies (TSH -R-AB s) are frequently present. Less well known is the fact that autoimmune hypothyroidism can present with TSH-R-ABs and ophthalmic Graves' disease (OGD). This condition is als...

Graves' thyroid disease is a relatively common disorder in endocrinology and general internal medicine practice. Graves' hyperthyroidism is mediated by circulating stimulating autoantibodies. Up to 60% of patients with Graves' hyperthyroidism develop some form of Graves' orbitopathy. Immune reactivity to the thyroid-stimulating hormone receptor is also thought to play a role in the immunopathog...

introduction pulmonary hypertension is common among patients with hyperthyroidism, and graves’ disease constitutes the most common cause of thyrotoxicosis. case presentation we report the case of a female patient admitted to the cardiology department with shortness of breath and pretibial myxedema. the diagnostic work-up revealed combined pre- and post-capillary pulmonary hypertension due to gr...

Generally, clinical presentations of Graves' disease range from asymptomatic disease to overt symptomatic hyperthyroidism with heat intolerance, tremor, palpitation, weight loss, and increased appetite. However, atypical presentation of Graves' disease with hematological system involvement, notably pancytopenia, is distinctly uncommon. Hereby, we present and discuss a series of three untreated ...

Graves' disease is an autoimmune disorder, caused by thyroid-stimulating antibodies, which bind to and activate the thyrotropin receptor on thyroid cells, inducing the synthesis and release of thyroid hormones. It is a polygenic and multifactorial disease that develops as a result of complex interaction between genetic susceptibility and environmental and/or endogenous factors. Graves' disease ...