Objective: Hypospadias is known to have familial inheritance because of multifactorial etiology. Little is known about the genetic polymorphism involved in hypospadias. A few genetic associations have been reported but mainly in studies of small sample size and were based on case control stud . The aim of this study was to evaluate whether the genetic polymorphism ies usually seen in the affect...

BACKGROUND Abnormal testicular descent can either be undescended or, less commonly, ectopic. Most undescended testes complete the course of descent by the first year of life only if these remain in the normal path of descent. The deviation of the testis may occur to an ectopic location during the transinguinal phase. Of the known ectopic sites, the anterior abdominal wall is the rarest site of ...

introduction the current study introduces a case with adrenal insufficiency that was suspected to have congenital adrenal hypoplasia because of undescended testis and failure to thrive due to muscle involvement. case presentation the patient was a 34-month-old boy who had loss of consciousness, hypotension, hypoglycemia, hyponatremia and hyperkalemia with severe failure to thrive, hyper pigment...

To cite: Kola B. BMJ Case Rep Published online: [please include Day Month Year] doi:10.1136/bcr-2016216631 DESCRIPTION A 9-year-old, African-American boy presented to his sports physical examination. He had no concerns or symptoms on the day of examination. His physical examination was remarkable for abnormal weight gain (body mass index >90% for age and gender) and left undescended testis. He ...

Cystic dysplasia of the testis is a rare, benign pathologic finding. We present two recent cases of cystic dysplasia of the testis to our practice. The first case involves an 11 month old male presenting with a non-palpable, intra-abdominal left testis. The second case involves a 7 year old male with left scrotal swelling and a history of left renal agenesis. After review of the literature, the...

Prune Belly syndrome (PBS) is a rare congenital anomaly and is almost exclusive to males. We are reporting 2 cases of PBS. The first case of 8 days old baby born to a mother (29 years) who has history of such child previously but unfortunately that baby didn’t survive and died at 1.5 years of age. On physical examination child had wrinkled skin over abdomen showing signs of deficient abdominal ...

Male reproduction has been given little attention in science and in medical practice. However, a recent metaanalysis on semen quality, which clearly pointed to a decrease over the past 50 years, has been repeatedly quoted. Three recent reports have found that semen quality has declined among candidate semen donors during the past 20 years. The evidence of decline in the quality of semen is not ...

Testicular malposition represents a common developmental genital defect in dogs and can affect one or both testes. In both humans and dogs, unilateral cryptorchism is more frequently detected and thought to be the expression of a genetic abnormality affecting both the undescended and scrotal testis. In the dog, there is evidence of degenerative processes affecting the maldescended testis. Howev...

Retractile testes [1] Prepubertal boys can have an exaggerated cremasteric reflex. The testis may retract out of the scrotum in the cold, on examination, on excitement or on physical activity. It is normal and will descend when relaxed and warm, or it can be manipulated back into the scrotum. Retractile testes do not need any treatment but do need close follow-up until puberty, as they can beco...

Retractile testes [1] Prepubertal boys can have an exaggerated cremasteric reflex. The testis may retract out of the scrotum in the cold, on examination, on excitement or on physical activity. It is normal and will descend when relaxed and warm, or it can be manipulated back into the scrotum. Retractile testes do not need any treatment but do need close follow-up until puberty, as they can beco...