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Changes in the international system, along with crises in the Middle East and the emergence of inefficient states coexisting with religious and racial groups in the region, make one wonder about the nature of the state in today’s systematic world, in general, and the nature of the state in the Middle East, in particular. The present study provides a theoretical framework based on quantum mechan...

during a historic prospective study, measurements of weight, height and head circumferences were carried out in a group of 393 tehrani boys and girls between the first and 36th month of life and measurements were plotted over the n.c.h.s. curves. these children belonged to middle and high-class literate families who were able to understand and follow the medical advice given by their private pe...

We propose that class is inversely related to a propensity for using wise reasoning (recognizing limits of their knowledge, consider world in flux and change, acknowledges and integrate different perspectives) in interpersonal situations, contrary to established class advantage in abstract cognition. Two studies-an online survey from regions differing in economic affluence (n = 2 145) and a rep...

Although social service programs have historically tended to focus on low-income parents as individuals, many of these parents have an intimate partner or spouse. This study investigated the role of partners and spouses in the decision-making processes of social service clients. Direct observation of clients’ interactions with their partners/spouses1 showed that whether married or unmarried, lo...