Dissatisfaction with work boot design is common in the mining industry. Many underground coal miners believe their work boots contribute to the high incidence of lower limb injuries they experience. Despite this, the most recent research to examine underground coal mining work boot satisfaction was conducted over a decade ago. This present study aimed to address this gap in the literature by as...

With the fast development and utilization of underground space resource in cities, the spatial distribution of urban underground pipelines becomes more and more complex. How to efficiently utilize the latest technology, realize underground space resources' management, visualization, layout optimization and mine applications, are challenging issues in current digital city development. Taking int...

Many years after construction, a number of existing old tunnels and underground structures are deteriorating with time as evidenced by cracks, large deformations, water leakage so forth, which usually require regular site inspections to record their structural deterioration taking high-pixel, high-overlap images along miles tunnel network. For complex (e.g., long caves), unmanned aerial vehicle...

This paper studies the issue of tax evasion in the context of the underground economy. A dynamic general equilibrium model is built where individual households and entrepreneurs decide rationally whether to go underground and under-report their earnings. These behaviors affect tax revenues, which are used to finance productive public services. This model is applied to the Czech Republic, becaus...

underground economy affects important indexes such as formal gdp, unemployment, consumption, production and etc. therefore it is necessary to identify elements and factors which affect underground economy to restrict it. surveys and studies indicate the size of iran’s underground economy is high and taxes, quantity and quality of regulations and performance of formal economy are the important f...

The foundation framework for underground spatial data aims to establish the platform for the underground spatial data sharing and integrating. The reasons lie in that: a) the long-term development of city construction has accumulated abundant underground spatial data and information; b) the development and utilization of city underground space demands for clear, detailed and visualized comprehe...

Nowadays we can observe the change of the structure of energy resources, which leads to the increasing fraction of a renewable energy sources. Traditional underground coal mining loses its significance in a total but there are countries, including Poland, which economy is still coal based. A decreasing coal resources imply an exploitation a becoming harder accessible coal beds what is connected...

In order to reliably monitor the operating status of one-way aerial ropeways for underground mine and better guarantee the safety of mine personnel, a hierarchical routing protocol based on energy efficiency and chain-type structure is proposed in this paper. Previous studies show that uniform cluster formation can prolong the lifetime of network. So a novel time allocation algorithm based on t...