The strategic planning of open pit operations defines the best strategy for extraction mineral deposit to maximize net present value. process must deal with several sources uncertainty; therefore, many authors have proposed models incorporate it at each its stages: Computation ultimate pit, optimization pushbacks, and production scheduling. However, most works address level independently, few a...

Despite renewed interest in the nature of limitations on maximum tree height, the mechanisms governing ultimate and species-specific height limits are not yet understood, but they likely involve water transport dynamics. Tall trees experience increased risk of xylem embolism from air-seeding because tension in their water column increases with height because of path-length resistance and gravit...

The three-dimensional numerical model of the foundation pit engineering is established, and fluid-structure coupling method used to calculate settlement pile adjacent railway bridge caused by excavation dewatering pit. results show that range soil around reaches 140m, within influence range, but maximum value does not exceed limit specified in design. this paper provides effective guidance for ...