Bagging is a procedure averaging estimators trained on bootstrap samples. Numerous experiments have shown that bagged estimates often yield better results than the original predictor, and several explanations have been given to account for this gain. However, six years from its introduction, bagging is still not fully understood. Most explanations given until now are based on global properties ...

Digital inequality, or the unequal access and use of information communication technologies, inhibits under-privileged people from opportunities in the digital world. Although government and private organizations have devoted considerable resources to address this inequality, issues remain unsolved. A theory-based investigation of the phenomenon is essential for effective policy-making and inte...

This article describes the process by which one study utilized qualitative methods to create items for a multi dimensional scale to measure twelve step program affiliation. The process included interviewing fourteen addicted persons while in twelve step focused treatment about specific “pros” (things they like or would miss out on by not being involved in twelve-step programs) and “cons” (thing...

Foresight is currently perceived as a critical activity in the development of innovation policies and corporate strategies. While there are many descriptions of the benefits of foresight, there is little research into how these benefits are created. In addition, although the view of innovations has shifted towards a systems understanding, the same has not happened with foresight, which is large...

In this paper we propose a method to robustly estimate linear regression quantiles with censored data. We adjust the estimator recently developed by Portnoy by replacing the Koenker-Bassett regression quantiles with the regression depth quantiles. The resulting optimization problem is solved iteratively over a set of grid points. We show on some examples that, contrary to the Koenker-Bassett ap...

Rework in construction development projects can significantly degrade project cost and schedule performance. In a typical construction development project which involves design and construction, rework in the construction phase could increase construction cost by 10%-15% of the contract price (Burati. 1992, Josephson & Hammerlund 1999, Love & Li 2000). The proportion of money and time spent on ...

We focus on the -nite-sample behavior of heteroskedasticity-consistent covariance matrix estimators and associated quasi-t tests. The estimator most commonly used is that proposed by Halbert White. Its -nite-sample behavior under both homoskedasticity and heteroskedasticity is analyzed using Monte Carlo methods. We also consider two other consistent estimators, namely: the HC3 estimator, which ...

In a recent study by Ginther et al., the probability of receiving a U.S. National Institutes of Health (NIH) RO1 award was related to the applicant’s race/ethnicity. The results indicate black/African-American applicants were 10% less likely than white peers to receive an award, after controlling for background and qualifications. It has generated a widespread debate regarding the unfairness of...